The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) collects data from early adolescents who are approximately 13-15 years old and enrolled in middle schools (also known as junior secondary schools). We used logistic regression models to examine the associations between self-reported hygiene practices and mental health status as assessed by the 2007 India GSHS. Then, we used meta-analysis to compare the results from India with those from 11 other GSHS-participating countries in Asia and Africa (Djibouti, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Myanmar, the Philippines, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, and the United Arab Emirates). Among 7904 middle school students in India, 25.5% reported symptoms of depression, 8.6% reported loneliness, and 7.8% reported anxiety-related insomnia. Both males and females who reported symptoms of depression had an increased likelihood of poor hand and oral hygiene, including washing their hands rarely or never and brushing their teeth less than daily. The meta-analysis for this association yielded statistically significant pooled odds ratios for both boys and girls. In girls, loneliness was also associated with poor hand and oral hygiene. Reduced mental health status in adolescents may lead to worse hygiene behaviors and an increased risk of infections. Teachers, parents, healthcare workers, and other adults who observe suboptimal hygiene status in an adolescent should consider whether this indicates a mental health issue that requires clinical services.

BACKGROUNDScrub typhus (Tsutsugamushi fever) is a zoonotic disease among Rickettsial infections, wherein man is an accidental host. Scrub typhus is an important and widespread cause of acute febrile illness in rural areas of Asian and Northern Australia. In the preantibiotic era, the mortality rates as high as 42% were reported. Scrub typhus is very responsive to treatment with timely and appropriate antibiotics. The disease still causes a significant rise of death in rural areas, where effective treatment is unavailable or delayed. Scrub typhus is grossly underdiagnosed, especially in India due to lack of awareness among clinicians and also due to lack of diagnostic tests. In our study, we studied the investigatory profile and treatment outcome in paediatric Scrub typhus patients.

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Background: Asthma is a condition in which a persons airways become inflamed,narrow and swell and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe. Aim and Objective: This study aims on describing the drug prescribing pattern,medication adherence,quality of life,handling of inhalers,lung function test and cost of illness in 110 paediatric bronchial asthma patients in a tertiary care hospital for duration of six months. Results: Overall 110 patients were enrolled in the study and its found that male patients (60.90%) are more prone to asthmatic attacks than female patients (39.10%). β-agonists (Salbutamol,) was the most commonly used bronchodialator followed by corticosteroids(82.72%), antibiotics(56.36%),anti-histamines(30%)anti inflammatory(29.9%),antitussives(23.63%) and methylxanthines(11.81%). Drugs used in RMMCH were compared to various EDL (Essential drug list) which complied with national EDL.The FVC and FEV were assessed among the patients during their admission and discharge time.The statistical analysis of the data of the two groups (baseline and discharge) for FVC(P=<0.001) and FEV(p=<0.008) shows its significance.20.9%.61.81%.80.9% of the patients has shown correct usage of inhalers during baseline,after first and second counseling.A significant improvement in quality of life was assessed during pre and post counseling using Mann-Whitney rank sum test.The score of low(55.45%) medium(32.72%) and high(11.81%)medication adherence patients was found on pre-counseling and on post-counseling low(17.27%),medium(55.45%) and high(28.18%) medication adherence was observed.Hospitalization charges are accounting for 39.3% and medical charges are accounting for 24.21%on an average of 6 days of admission in the hospital. Conclusion: Patient counseling aided and had a positive impact on patients understanding of their illness and the role of medications in its treatment,improved medication adherence and improved quality of life for the patients.

SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.57 ~ -0.08, I2= 74%). Respectively, teleconferencing and webconferencing showed significant improvements by subgroup analysis. Especially, improvement of depressive symptom was significantly higher for telepsychotherapy in studies where telepsychotherapy was performed more than twice a month (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.72 ~ -0.25, I2= 16%), and the follow up period was between 4-11 months (SMD -0.36, 95% CI -0.57 ~ -0.16, I2= 31%). 2 articles compared telepsychotherapy and face-to-face psychotherapy, but each study had a different target population and intervention modality. They showed controversial results in depressive symptom score (Respectively, SMD 0.39, 95% CI 0.15 ~ 0.63, SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.68 ~ 0.01). ConClusions: Telepsychotherapy may be effective than care as usual in depressive symptom improvement in patients with depressive disorder. However most of the articles were published before 2012 as telephone, so additional studies are needed to confirm the clinical effectiveness of telepsychotherapy, especially compare with face-to-face psychotherapy.

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BACKGROUND India is a tropical country, where snake bite is a major public health problem. It is a common occupational hazard mainly in farmers and rural population are affected mainly. India is reported to have highest number of snake bites. Apart from the mortality, the morbidity caused by snake bite is also high in India. Administration of ASV as early as possible can prevent many of the complications and even death if given in time. The aim of this study is to study the various complications of snake bite in relation to the timing of ASV administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out over a period of 8 months by including 50 cases of snake bite. A detailed clinical history regarding bite time since bite, symptoms of envenomation and complications were taken at the time of presentation. Thorough clinical examination was then carried out and also relevant laboratory investigations were sought.

Medication-related adverse events or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are harmful events caused by medication. ADRs could have profound effects on the patients’ quality of life, as well as creating an increased burden on the healthcare system. ADRs are one of the rising causes of morbidity and mortality internationally, and will continue to be a significant public health issue with the increased complexity in medication, to treat various diseases in an aging society. This was a prospective and observational study conducted in medicine department of sagar hospital, Bengaluru. Patients were enrolled based on the criteria with a suitable statistical tool. Among 64 patients, 33 (51.6%) female and 33 (48.44%) were males found. ADRs were more in the age group of 41 – 60, 32 (50%), less in the age group is 0 – 20, 04 (6.25%). Significantly higher numbers of ADRs caused by the antibiotics 25 (39%) followed by antihyperlipidicmic and anti-arrythmic 01 (1.56%), Most of the ADRs were moderate 40 (62.5%) and sever 01 (1.56%) in nature. Most commonly affected organ is dermatological system 32 (50%). Majority of the ADRs were associated with antibiotics. Commonly skin related ADRs was found in this study. The results provided an insight to the Health care Providers on the importance of monitoring and reporting of ADRs. Our study results emphasize a need for establishing a pharmacovigilance centre to ensure the safe use of drugs.