In each country, rural areas cover the bulk of available land; however, they generally remain outside the mainstream of innovative development processes. Still, they have potential and are vital for implementing the highly valid concept of persistent and sustainable development. The idea of such growth can be implemented in many ways, and the smart development concept is one of these ways. The aim of this paper is to present the smart village concept as a means to achieve the sustainability and resilience of rural areas, relying on the analysis of basic theories of sustainable and persistent growth. The study examines and evaluates the state of the potential for the smart growth of rural areas in all regions of Poland, as well as presents the results of the empirical research on such potential in three regions of Eastern Poland. The smart growth potential of the regions in question was determined by means of 24 variables representing the following fields: management, life quality, economy, society, natural environment and mobility. It was concluded that the smart village concept can be useful in facilitating sustainable development of rural areas. Further research concerning the problem should in particular focus on strengthening the relations between rural communes with cities and towns in their close vicinity.
SummarySubject and purpose of work: The subject of the analysis is the concept of rural development in the European Union countries and its connection with the evolution of the common agricultural policy and the transformation of the cohesion policy. The aim of the study is to discover and assess the scale and method of supporting the rural development in the European Union countries through common agricultural policy and to present the underlying theoretical-cognitive and political-practical premises for shaping rural development strategies.Materials and methods: The official documents and subject literature are submitted for critical analysis and evaluation by authors.Results: This paper presents methods of defining and classifying rural areas and rural development through common agricultural policy and cohesion policy. It specifically outlines the concepts of multi-functional and intelligent development linked to the Europe 2020 strategy and the Cork political declarations. The new concept of smart villages and rural-urban partnership is also presented.Conclusion: The processes of rural policy separation and the need for creating national methods of the coordination of community policies and the use of European funds are indicated.
The development of innovation requires special knowledge from various management areas, as well as technological and intellectual support from the state. The study aims to assess the country's readiness to introduce innovative banking technologies. The methodological tools used for the study include bibliographic analysis, fuzzy logic, factor analysis, and the Brown-Mayer model.
Celem artykułu było usystematyzowanie dorobku w zakresie podstaw teoretycznych koncepcji inteligentnego rozwoju w odniesieniu do obszarów wiejskich regionu peryferyjnego oraz podjęcie próby pomiaru potencjału inteligentnego rozwoju gmin wiejskich i miejsko-wiejskich. Część empiryczna pracy koncentruje się na wykorzystaniu autorskiej koncepcji pomiaru potencjału inteligentnego rozwoju dla scharakteryzowania zróżnicowania stanu zaawansowania jednostek terytorialnych w regionie lubelskim oraz identyfikacji potencjalnych ośrodków inteligentnego rozwoju, a także ukazania związku między rodzajem struktury funkcjonalnej gmin a poziomem inteligentnego rozwoju. W badaniu przyjęto, że koncepcja inteligentnych wiosek (smart village) może być zoperacjonalizowana w ramach diagnozy sześciu następujących wymiarów: zarządzanie, jakość życia, gospodarka, społeczeństwo, środowisko naturalne oraz mobilność. Budowa zestawu 24 wskaźników diagnostycznych chrakteryzujących wskazane wymiary została oparta na zasobach Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS, danych Urzędu Komunikacji Elektronicznej (UKE) oraz Centralnej Ewidencji Pojazdów i Kierowców (CEPiK). W celu uporządkowania badanych jednostek terytorialnych pod względem potencjału smart village wykorzystano metodę unitaryzacji zerowanej. Efektem badań jest ranking 193 gmin województwa lubelskiego, w tym 167 wiejskich i 26 miejsko-wiejskich. Zrealizowane badania umożliwiły pozytywną weryfikację hipotezy dotyczącej powiązania poziomu potencjału inteligentnego rozwojuze stopniem zaawansowania procesu rozwoju wielofunkcyjnego jednostek terytorialnych. Zauważyć należy, że poza gminami miejsko-wiejskimi dostrzegalne zaawansowanie w potencjale dla inteligentnego rozwoju osiągane było także w gminach wiejskich o zróżnicowanej strukturze funkcjonalnej lokalnych gospodarek. Wyższy potencjał inteligentnego rozwoju wykazywały jednostki o wielofunkcyjnej strukturze gospodarki.
Lagging regions are characterised by coupling of numerous barriers to their development including the ones in the dimension of human and social capital. The concept of smart villages identifies the modes of overcoming these barriers. The aim of the paper was to operationalise and to evaluate social potential of smart village in case of lagging region (Lublin Province, Poland). A quantitative approach was applied during the research. The work uses a descriptive method in the theoretical part and statistical methods in the empirical part. In the light of the statistical analyses carried out in the research process, there has been no indication of a higher potential of rural-urban communes in comparison to rural units. The potential of social smart is strongly dispersed. A positive impact of larger urban centres in the region on the rural potential cannot be identified. However, certain concentrations can be distinguished in the framework of selected Local Action Groups (LAGs) that operate in Lublin Province. Since the peripheral regions are in particular sparsely populated by the creative class, and it is difficult to attract the creative class of people, it should be noted that investing in and promoting smart people becomes necessary catalysts for the implementation of smart villages concept. It is therefore essential to strengthen the connection between the regional and sub-regional scientific centres and commune self-governments. Fostering the activity of LAGs operating in the Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) approach in the framework of LEADER programme seems to be the desired direction of the support for endogenous potential of rural territorial units enabling the smart villages concept implementation.
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