In this paper, the kinetics and mechanism of gold nanoparticles formation during the redox reaction between [AuCl 4 ]¯complex and L-ascorbic acid under different conditions were described. It was also shown that reagent concentration, chloride ions, and pH influence kinetics of nucleation and growth. To establish rate constants of these stages, the model of Finke and Watzky was applied. From Arrhenius and Eyring dependencies, the values of activation energy (22.5 kJ mol −1 for the nucleation step and 30.3 kJ mol −1 for the growth step), entropy (about −228 J K −1 mol −1 for the nucleation step and −128 J K −1 mol −1 for the growth step), and enthalpy (19.8 kJ mol −1 for nucleation and 27.8 kJ mol −1 for particles growth) were determined. It was also shown that the disproporationation reaction had influence on the rate of nanoparticles formation and may have impact on final particles morphology. C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 49: [789][790][791][792][793][794][795][796][797] 2017
Accumulation of those nanoparticles effect in increases of FRAP and glucose level up to 27% and 73%, respectively. This in turn suggests that iv administration of AuNPs may effect in serious medical complications. On the other site, the accumulation in the liver of about 50% of introduced particles to the rats body is promising for phototherapy and it opens "door" for drug transport to this organ.
In this work, the synthesis of the spherical clusters containing 3-4 nm platinum nanoparticles enclosed in a polymer capsule is described. The process of nanoparticles formation was intensified by using a microreactor. The application of microreactor enabled us to shorten the time of redox reaction and nucleation stage up to 6 seconds at 105• C in comparison with the process carried out in a batch reactor at 40• C. Using Vitamin C as a bio-reducer of platinum(IV) complexes and biocompatible polymers, the products non-toxic and environmentally friendly, stable for at least 9 months, were obtained. Presented procedure for nanoparticles synthesis seems to be an alternative method for platinum recovery from solutions containing platinum(IV) chloride complex ions.Keywords: platinum nanoparticle, microreactor, Vitamin C, steric stabilization W pracy, przedstawiono syntezę sferycznych klastrów zawierających 3-4 nm nanocząstki platyny zamknięte w polimerowej otoczce. Proces formowania nanocząstek platyny został zintensyfikowany poprzez użycie mikroreaktora. Użycie mikroreaktora skróciło czas reakcji redukcji oraz etapu zarodkowania do 6 s w temperaturze 105• C w porównaniu do procesu przeprowadzonego w reaktorze okresowym w temperaturze 40• C. Użycie witaminy C jako bioreduktora chlorkowych kompleksów platyny(IV) oraz biokompatybilnego polimeru pozwala na uzyskanie nietoksycznych oraz stabilnych przez co najmniej 9 miesięcy produktów. Przedstawiona metoda syntezy nanocząstek może stanowić alternatywny sposób odzysku platyny z roztworów zawierających jej chlorkowy kompleks.
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