the core shell nanostructure of magnetic polystyrene (pS@fe 3 o 4) was prepared and its physic-chemical properties were studied ft-iR, SeM, teM, VSM and Bet + BJH. the new adsorbent was applied in the dispersive solid phase extraction technique for measuring copper ions in water, Soil and oyster samples. Analysis is carried out using a flame atomic absorption spectrometry system. Effective parameters on extraction efficiency, such as pH of extraction solution, sorbent dosage, contact time, concentration and volume of desorption eluent and desorption time were optimized using one at a time method. n 2 adsorption-desorption experiment resulted in high BET surface area (32.002 m 2 g −1) and large pore volume (0.1794 cm 3 g −1) for pS@ fe 3 o 4 nanocomposite. Under the optimum conditions, a calibration curve within the range of 5-40 ng mL −1 with an appropriate coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.9946 was obtained. Preconcentration factor (PF) and limit of detection (LOD) were found to be 55 and 1.6 ng mL −1 , respectively. the repeatability and reproducibility for three replicate measurements at the concentration of 25 ng mL −1 were 2.5%-1.4%, respectively. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were consistent to experimental data in adsorption mechanism study. The maximum adsorption capacity was 19.56 mg g −1 for Cu (II). Finally, the efficiency of the method was investigated for analysis of the copper in environmental samples and good relative recoveries (RR%) were obtained within the range of 99.2% to 101.2%. Environmental pollutants are one of the most important global challenges that cause the destruction of natural ecosystems. The development of industry, power plants, mining industries as well as agricultural activities helps to increase environmental pollutants in different forms and concentrations 1. Among these pollutants, heavy metals which enter the environment through industrial activities, natural deposits, plating plants, mining and alloy production 2 are important. The presence of heavy metals has adverse effects such as high blood pressure, speech disorders and memory loss on human health 3. High concentrations level of copper ions, as one of the environmental pollutants, cause cancer of the lungs, gastrointestinal and mucous irritation, liver and kidney problems 4. The high concentrations of copper ions in biological systems (more than 0.15 mg L −1 for fish and 0.01 mg per liter for invertebrates) can be fatal. In the agricultural sector, copper has the role of regulating the growth and reproduction of plants, and optimizing the amount of this element is important because copper deficiency can have adverse effects on photosynthesis, reproduction, protein formation and auxin regulation 5. Due to the fact that heavy metals are very stable and soluble, they can be absorbed by living organisms, so the removal of these metals is of great importance. Various methods e.g. membrane filtration, ion exchange, absorption, chemical precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction ...
In this study, amino groups were directly coated on reduced graphene oxide sheets and applied for the extraction of cadmium(II) ions from well water, aqueduct (water coming from mountain), lentils and rice prior to measurements by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The properties of the adsorbent were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer. Some parameters related to the adsorption and desorption stages were optimized. After preconcentration, the linear determination range of cadmium(II) was 0.5-40 μg L-1. The limit of quantification, relative standard deviation and preconcentration factor were obtained as 0.5 μg L-1 , 0.39-2.18% and 100, respectively.
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