This research was carried out to detect the effect of Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan), Wheat grass and Vitamin E Treatment on the liver structure of iron overload rat (Rattus norvegicus).The method of experimental used Completely Random Design (CRD in triple repetition. The treatment had been carried out orally. Iron dextran with total dose of 1.5 g kg −1 of body were given to rat on the first, fourth, seventh, ten and thirteenth day. Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan)200 mg kg −1 bw, 400 mg kg −1 bw, Wheat grass extract 100 mg kg −1 bw and Vitamin E 60 mg kg −1 bw were given to rat everyday for 15 days. At the seventeenth, rat were killed and their liver were taken. The observed parameters are morphological abnormality including the colour, the contour, ratio between liver weight and body weight as well as histological destruction. The result showed iron dextran treatment was proved the abnormality on morphological and histological desruction. Futhermore, Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan), Wheat grass and Vitamin E Treatment can decrease the morphological abnormality and the liver histological destructionon of iron overload rat.
Abstrak. Madihah, Ratningsih N, Malini DM, Faiza AH, Iskandar J. 2017 [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) I. C. Nielsen) teruji dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pada tikus hiperglikemik dengan dosis efektif 1500 mg/kg BB. Langkah uji pra klinis selanjutnya dalam pengembangan potensi ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol sebagai bahan baku herbal antidiabetes adalah uji toksisitas akut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan lethal dose 50 (LD 50 ) dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol dan mengamati histopatologi organ hati yang disebabkan oleh toksisitas ekstrak tersebut. Metode uji toksisitas akut diadaptasi dari panduan OECD 423:2001 dengan batas bawah dosis sqebesar 5000 mg/kg BB. Substansi uji diberikan secara oral pada hewan uji berupa tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Wistar betina dengan dosis tunggal 5500, 6900, 8200, 9100, 12900, dan 17500 mg/kg BB. Gejala toksisitas, perubahan berat badan, dan jumlah hewan uji yang mati diamati selama 14 hari, sedangkan histopatologi pada organ hati diamati pada hewan uji yang mati dan yang hidup setelah periode uji selesai. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol hingga dosis 9100 mg/kg BB tidak menimbulkan gejala toksisitas dan penurunan berat badan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Probit, nilai LD 50 dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah jengkol diprediksi mencapai 15382,412 mg/kg BB, sehingga termasuk ke dalam kategori praktis tidak toksik. Nilai Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) dideteksi pada dosis 5500 mg/kg BB yang menyebabkan kerusakan ringan jaringan hati, berupa nekrosis pada hepatosit dan pelebaran diameter vena sentralis, namun susunan hepatosit dan sinusoid masih normal. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak kulit buah jengkol di bawah dosis 5500 mg/kg BB bersifat aman, sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai obat herbal terstandarisasi untuk mengatasi diabetes. [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Ethanol extract of djenkol (Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) I. C. Nielsen) fruit peel at a dose 150 mg/kg BW has been shown to decrease blood glucose level in hyperglycemic rats. The next preclinical step in the development of djenkol as antidiabetic herbal medicine is acute toxicity test. The purposes of this study were to obtain the lethal dose 50 (LD 50 ) of ethanol extract djenkol fruit peel and to observe the histopathology of rat liver as the result of the toxicity. Acute toxicity test method was adapted from OECD 423:2001 guideline and the limit dose was 5000 mg/kg bb. The animals (female Wistar, Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) were orally administered a single dose of the extract at 5500, 6900, 8200, 9100, 12900, and 17500 mg/kg BW. Symptoms of toxicity, weight change, and mortality were noted for 14 days, whereas liver histopathology was observing at the end of test periods. The result showed that ethanol extract of djengkol fruit peel treatment up to dose 9100 mg/kg BW did not cause symptoms of toxicity and weight loss. Probit anal...
Herbal-based drug development for diabetes mellitus continues to grow in order to find alternatives of theuse of synthetic drugs which is relatively expensive. The present study examined the potency of temu mangga(Curcuma mangga Val.) rhizome extract in decreasing blood glucose levels and repairing histological damage ofpancreas endocrine gland in male mice (Mus musculus L.) Swiss-Webster that has been induced by alloxan. Theexperimental method with 5 treatments and 5 replications were used. The dose of alloxan was 200 mg/kg bw,while the dose of temu mangga extract were 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg bw. The measured parameters werethe body weight, fasting blood glucose levels by using blood glucose tolerance test, and the percentage of pancreatic? cells that undergo necrosis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with 95% confidence level and continued withDuncan’s multiple range tests. The results showed no difference on body weight of test animals in all treatments.The reduction percentage of fasting blood glucose levels from temu mangga rhizome extract by dosage of 400mg/kg bw (48.712%) was significantly different from the treatment of alloxan (0.588%) (p<0.05). The percentageof ? cells that undergo necrosis from temu mangga rhizome by dosages of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bw weresignificantly different with alloxan (22.75±3.68 %) (p<0.05). In conclusion, temu mangga rhizome extract bydosage of 400 mg/kg was optimum to decrease blood glucose levels and repair the pancreas histological damagein mice that were induced by alloxan.
Alipin K, Sari EP, Madihah, Setiawati T, Ratningsih N, Malini DM. 2017. Kidney histology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats treated with combined extract of temulawak rhizome and belimbing wuluh fruit. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 312-317. Complications that are occurred in patients with Diabetes Mellitus usually followed by kidney damage. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) were traditionally used to decrease blood glucose level. Thus, they were potential as antidiabetic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the combination of ethanol extracts of temulawak rhizome and belimbing wuluh fruit in repairing kidney damage in diabetic male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). An experimental method using a completely randomized design that consist of seven treatments with three replications. Six treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 60 mg/kg BW STZ, and one group served as a control. The animals which have blood glucose level ≥200 mg/dl were stated as diabetic. Furthermore, the animals were treated orally with single extract i.e. temulawak 17.5 mg/kg BW or belimbing wuluh 750 mg/kg BW and combined extracts 383.75 or 767.5 mg/kg BW, as well as glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg BW as reference, including diabetic rat as positive control and non-diabetic rat as negative control. The results showed that combine extract at dose of 383.75 mg/kg BW treatment repaired the kidney histology, i.e., glomerular diameter and Bowman space width, as well as significantly decreased the necrosis percentage of proximal tubular in diabetic rat compared with positive control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the combined extract of temulawak rhizome and belimbing wuluh fruit has potent to cure renal failure in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin.
Endosulfan an organochlorine insecticide that is commonly used even though it has been banned due to its toxic and teratogenic effect. This study aims to determine the effect of orally endosulfan exposure to pregnant rat (Rattus norvegicus) at day 6-15th of gestation period to the foetus skeletal malformation. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by endosulfan dosages: 0 (control); 0.083; 0.190; 0.440; 1.000 mg/kg BW/day with 5 replicates was applied. At 20th of the gestational period, the rats were sacrificed, their reproductive organs and the fetal skeletal malformation were observed using Alizarin red S method. The results of one-way ANOVA test showed that endosulfan exposure did not significantly affect the pregnancy outcomes ie. female rats weight gain, the numbers of implanted foetus, foetal body weight and length, respectively. Malformation of foetus implantation, foetus size and foetus skeletal occured in the endosulfan exposure groups. Fisher’s exact test results showed a significant difference between the control group and the endosulfan exposure group on the number of foetuses that have abnormalities in the number of skeletons of the sternum, fore and hind paws. The exposure of endosulfan at 0.083-1.000 mg / kg BW / day in pregnant rats caused skeletal malformations of the foetus ie. decreased in the number on sternum, fore- and hind paw bones. ABSTRAK Endosulfan merupakan insektisida golongan organoklorin yang masih digunakan hingga kini meski telah dilarang karena bersifat toksik dan teratogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemajanan endosulfan secara oral terhadap malformasi rangka fetus tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) selama umur kebuntingan 6-15 hari. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental di laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pemajanan endosulfan dosis: 0 (kontrol); 0,083; 0,19; 0,44; dan 1 mg/kg BB/hari dan masing-masing diulang sebanyak lima kali. Induk betina dengan umur kebuntingan 20 hari, dikorbankan nyawanya lalu dibedah dan diamati tampilan reproduksi induk serta malformasi rangka pada fetus dengan metode pewarnaan Alizarin red S. Hasil uji sidik ragam satu arah menunjukkan pemajanan endosulfan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap rataan pertambahan bobot badan induk, jumlah fetus terimplantasi, bobot badan dan panjang fetus. Malformasi implantasi fetus, ukuran fetus dan rangka fetus terjadi pada kelompok pemajanan endosulfan. Hasil uji eksak Fisher menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok pemajanan endosulfan terhadap jumlah fetus yang mengalami kelainan jumlah rangka penyusun sternum, cakar depan dan cakar belakang. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemajanan endosulfan dosis 0,083- 1,000 mg/kg BB/hari pada tikus bunting menimbulkan malformasi rangka pada fetus yaitu berkurangnya jumlah tulang penyusun sternum, cakar depan, dan cakar belakang.
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