Objective: To present a review on the methods of assessment of the nutritional status of children and adolescents, emphasizing anthropometry and the various methods of evaluation of body composition, and discussing their advantages, limitations and risks.Methods: Chapters of textbooks, theses, articles relevant to the theme, as well as personal files and previous publications of the authors were selected.Results: Anthropometry, which consists of the assessment of physical dimensions and global composition of the human body, has been the isolated method most frequently used for the nutritional diagnosis, mainly in childhood and adolescence, due to its easy execution, low cost and innocuousness. The most frequently adopted measures aim at determining body mass, expressed by weight; linear dimensions, especially height; body composition and reserves of energy and proteins, estimated through subcutaneous fat and muscle mass. Laboratory methods mainly developed to obtain an accurate evaluation of body composition are presented. The justification for methods that expose children and adolescents to ionizing radiation represents another raised issue.Conclusions: On selecting methods for the evaluation of the nutritional status, the choice should be on those capable of better detecting the nutritional problem under analyses, also considering the cost, the level of personal ability and the time required to adequately apply them, their receptivity by the studied population and possible risks to health.

Multiprofessional residency in family health is developed within the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and prioritize training and production of care technologies, thereby qualifying the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). In this setting, nutritionists promote dietary and nutritional actions aimed towards the local epidemiological profile. The aim of this study was to show the conceptions of healthcare professionals regarding nutritionists' performance in the FHS, subsequent to nutritionists' inclusion in the residency program. This was a crosssectional, exploratory, descriptive and analytical study, involving the participation of 13 professionals. The data-gathering technique comprised semi-structured interviews and content analysis. It was shown that the low degree of inclusion of nutritionists in this strategy contributed towards poor understanding of their performance. Nevertheless, their specificity was valued, considering their differentiated view of situations concerning nutrition, thus broadening the possible scenarios for action, especially towards promotion and prevention.Keywords: Nutritionist. Family Health Program. Internship. Residency. IntroductionThe Unique system of Health (SUS) was instituted after several years of sanitary movement, amid crisis of the health section, with their incongruities, disarticulation and difficulties in rendering reasonable attendance to most of the population. Its origin dates from 1988, after the 8 th National Conference of Health, which originated the text of the Constitution of the same year. Ever since, the effort that principles of universality, justness and decentralization be respected 1 configures element of importance and prominence in the politics of health.However, this system has not been capable, by itself, of putting in practice the guarantees already In some Multiprofessional Residency in Family Health the RD-registered dietician is inserted, opening space to develop their relevant attributions facing the current nutritional profile of the Brazilian population.Currently, several countries, including Brazil, experience fast epidemic and nutritional transition marked by the coexistence of the malnutrition with the increase of the prevalence of the obesity, overweight, malnutrition and high incidence of, not transmissible, chronic diseases 8 , generating overload to Unique Health System (SUS) as they demand great number of actions, procedures and services of health, mainly when they involve chronic diseases 9 . COMUNICAÇÃO SAÚDE EDUCAÇÃO 2015; 19(53):349-60The nutritional transition associated with the epidemic is closely related to the sedentarism, high consumption of industrialized foods, fast food, less ingestion of fruits, green vegetables and vegetables and high consumption of saturated fats 9,10 .The actions promoting health and prevention of damages are particularly relevant before this phenomenon that brings the inversion in the traditional distribution of the nutritional problems associated to the pattern of determination of diseases attributed t...

Objective: Identifying the nutritional status, dietary intake and diet quality of nursing mothers on exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with nursing mothers on exclusive breastfeeding from day 28 postpartum. Standardized instruments were used, and body mass index, food consumption and diet quality were evaluated. Results: The nursing mothers were overweight, presented energy consumption below the recommended and adequate percentage of macronutrients, except for protein, which was elevated. The diet was classified as "needs improvement" according to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Conclusion:The results show that the overweight associated with a diet of poor quality indicated possible deficiencies of micronutrients. ResumoObjetivo: Identificar o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e a qualidade da dieta de nutrizes em amamentação exclusiva. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com nutrizes em aleitamento exclusivo a partir do 28º dia pós-parto. Foram utilizados instrumentos padronizados e foram avaliados o índice de massa corporal, consumo alimentar e qualidade da dieta. Resultados: As nutrizes apresentaram sobrepeso, consumo energético abaixo do recomendado, porcentagens de macronutrientes adequadas exceto para proteína, que foi elevada. A dieta foi classificada como "precisando de melhorias", conforme o Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o sobrepeso associado a uma qualidade inadequada da dieta, indicou possíveis carências de micronutrientes.

Aim:This study aimed to analyse nutrition students' experiences with constructing a portfolio about food and culture. The study examined what was gained from the experience at its completion and retained after a period of 1 year. Methods: For the module 'Human food in historical and social contexts', nutrition undergraduate students were required to create a portfolio. Twenty-nine (of 49) students agreed to have their portfolios analysed in this qualitative study. The messages that were kept and recorded during the development of the portfolio were analysed by the discourse of collective subject method (DCS). Eleven students also participated in focus groups aimed to assess the impact of the portfolio on the students, as well as the process of its creation, in the long term. Transcripts of the focus groups were analysed using the DCS method. Results: In the portfolios, we noted important messages linking eating to history, culture, respect and commensality. In the focus groups, students highlighted that the portfolio helped them to reflect and to change their view of nutrition. The creation of the portfolio was considered exciting, involving and demanding. Conclusions: Through the analyses of the portfolio and the focus groups, it was possible to observe that students were stimulated towards a critical, humanised and complex practice that respected the historical, social, cultural, sensorial, nutritional and political nature of eating. The portfolio seemed a suitable learning method for complex themes, such as food and culture, providing a different and collaborative formation process.

R E S U M O ObjetivoAvaliar o estado nutricional e as práticas alimentares de crianças no segundo semestre de vida atendidas na rede pública de saúde do município de Taboão da Serra, SP. MétodosEstudo de corte transversal conduzido em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, classificadas em dois agrupamentos (região central e região periférica). A amostra foi constituída por 180 crianças, sendo 90 de cada agrupamento. O consumo alimentar foi registrado pelo método recordatório de 24 horas. Foram tomadas medidas de peso e dosagem de hemoglobina por punção capilar. ResultadosA prevalência de anemia encontrada foi de 30,5% sem diferença entre os grupos. Os valores das medianas do escore-Z (peso/idade) foram: 0,02 e 0,03, para os agrupamentos central e periférico, respectivamente. A utilização de suplemento de ferro apresentou diferença entre os grupos (p=0,001), sendo mais presente no agrupamento periférico, enquanto que para a vitamina A, a suplementação foi significantemente maior no agrupamento central (p=0,044). Verificou-se introdução precoce de alimentos distintos do leite materno na dieta infantil e diferença significante entre os grupos na idade de introdução de chá, suco de fruta, sopa e sopa com carne no esquema alimentar. Em relação à ingestão de nutrientes verificou-se consumo adequado de energia e proteínas, mas quanto aos micronutrientes estudados, há grande probabilidade de inadequação do consumo de ferro e vitamina C. ConclusãoA prevalência de anemia é relativamente reduzida, comparada com os dados obtidos em outros locais, e o esquema de introdução de alimentos complementares é inadequado, frente às recomendações atuais. A utilização de suplementos de nutrientes deve ser revista.Termos de indexação: anemia ferropriva; desmame; estado nutricional; lactente. A B S T R A C T

OBJETIVO:Caracterizar o perfil nutricional de crianças de 6 a 24 meses de idade frequentadoras de Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Santos e sua relação com condições socioeconômicas, de saúde, nutrição e alimentação. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 95 crianças em cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde de diferentes regiões do município de Santos, em rotina normal de atendimento em Pediatria. Foram feitas medidas de peso e comprimento e aplicou-se um questionário às mães/responsáveis com perguntas sobre identificação, alimentação e nutrição, saúde e situação socioeconômica da criança. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelas seguintes curvas de referência: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS, 1977), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000) e o padrão de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde do ano 2006 (OMS, 2006). Analisaram-se os índices: peso para idade (P/I), estatura para idade (E/I) e peso para estatura (P/E), medidos em escores Z. Consideraram-se como desnutrição os valores P/I, E/I e P/E menores que -2 escores Z e sobrepeso, valores de P/E maiores que +2 escores Z. RESULTADOS: Entre as crianças estudadas, foram observadas frequências de desnutrição para P/I em 4,2%, 9,5% e 3,2%, para E/I em 2,1%, 2,1% e 4,2% e para P/E, em 2,1%, 4,2% e 1,0% das crianças, respectivamente para as curvas NCHS (1977), CDC (2000) e OMS (2006). Com relação ao sobrepeso, as frequências foram 4,2%, 3,2% e 5,3%, respectivamente para as curvas NCHS (1977), CDC (2000) e OMS (2006). CONCLUSÕES: Notou-se baixa frequência de desnutrição. A curva da OMS identificou menor proporção de déficits nutricionais.

The so-called "Slum Project" or Projeto Favela at the São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University in São Paulo, conducts numerous primary health care activities in low-income communities in the city of S o Paulo to prevent and control nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of children from 12 to 26 months of age before and after preventive intervention. The study was conducted with two groups, before and after intervention, with 57 and 65 children, respectively. Anthropometric measures and hemoglobin values were obtained. In the before-intervention group, the prevalence of malnutrition as measured by weight for age and weight for height was 12.3% and 1.8% respectively, whereas there were no cases of malnutrition in the after-intervention group. There was a reduction in the prevalence of anemia, especially the severe form, from 33% to 7%. Mean hemoglobin increased from 10.1 to 11.0 g/dl, and the duration of breastfeeding was greater (> 180 days) after intervention.

Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde constituem uma estratégia de formação de recursos humanos para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Ainda que sejam implementadas as necessárias mudanças curriculares nas graduações em saúde, há que se considerar essa modalidade como uma oportunidade de educação permanente. O presente artigo propõe apresentar um relato de experiência da atuação de nutricionistas em um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde, enfatizando as potencialidades e os desafios de um fazer coletivo em equipe multiprofissional tanto no âmbito da atenção primária quanto no da atenção terciária à saúde, nas linhas de cuidado do adulto e do idoso, da mulher e do recém-nascido, da criança e na saúde mental. A elevada carga horária, a diversidade de cenários e a complexidade das situações vivenciadas na Residência preparam o profissional para os desafios de sua futura atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde. Palavras-chave:Educação de pós-graduação. Nutrição. Recursos humanos. Sistema Único de Saúde. A B S T R A C TMultidisciplinary health residencies constitute a human resource training strategy for the Unified Health Care System. Even if the necessary curricular changes are implemented in health undergraduate programs, this modality has to be considered an opportunity for ongoing education. The present article proposes to present