Palladium and tartaric acid as a mixed chemical modifier is a better modifier for the determination of Cd in complex environmental samples than Pd and tartaric acid (or ascorbic acid) used as separate modifiers. The mixed modifier can effectively eliminate matrix effects and the two peak signals observed in the atomization of complex environmental samples. It has also been found that a W-foil platform has a longer lifetime than a Ta-foil platform. A comparison of the calculated and experimental values obtained for the characteristic mass, m,,, with a W-foil platform in a pyrolytic graphite coated graphite tube using a mixed modifier shows that an atomization temperature higher than T(set) = 1673 K and T(effective) = 1530 K can be used for the determination of Cd. Quantitative analytical data for Cd in sea-water and in solutions of reference materials (pork liver, wheat powder, peach leaf, tea leaf, tea tree leaf, cabbage, water sediments, coal fly ash, soils and rock) by standardless analysis are presented (LOD = 0.3pg; RSD < 5%).
A comparison is made between the calculated and experimental values obtained for the characteristic mass, m,, with a tantalum-foil platform in a pyrolytic graphite coated graphite tube, using different chemical modifiers (Pd 0.5 mg ml-l, NaH,PO, 10 mg ml-I and ascorbic acid 10 mg ml-l), and various solutions of reference materials of environmental samples. All measurements of m, were performed on an Hitachi Model 28000 d.c. magnet, Zeeman spectrometer and a Beijing Second Optical Instrument Factory Model WFX-1 G2, as. magnet, Zeeman spectrometer. Theoretical calculations of m, for Cd at atomization temperatures ranging from 1000 to 2200 K, made every 100 K, were based on the calculation formula and fundamental parameters proposed by L'vov et al. Quantitative analysis data for Cd in sea-water and in solutions of reference materials (pork liver, wheat powder, peach leaf, tea leaf, tea tree leaf, cabbage, water sediments, coal fly ash and geological samples) by standardless analysis are presented.
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