Determination of cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using palladium and tartaric acid as a mixed chemical modifier and a tungsten-foil platform with the possibility of standardless analysis

Yizai, Ma; Zhikun, Li; Wang, Xiaohui; Jiazhen, Wang; Yongquan, Li

doi:10.1039/ja9940900679

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Also, the absorbance was enhanced under the reducing condition. These data show, as indicated by others 17 , that a reducing agent is necessary in the use of Pd as a modifier over the range of 400 -550˚C. The absorbances of Cd obtained in a 1% HCl solution including a mixed modifier was approximately the same as the absorbances 570 ANALYTICAL SCIENCES JUNE 1999, VOL.…”

Section: Stabilizing Effects Of Pd-nan 3 Modifiersupporting

confidence: 61%

Effectiveness of Palladium–Sodium Azide Modifier for the Direct Determination of Urinary Cadmium by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Saraçoğlu

Elçi

1999

ANAL. SCI.

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Since the toxic effects of cadmium and its compounds are well known, the monitoring of this metal in body fluids is of substantial importance. The level of cadmium in urine is an important indicator of human exposure to this metal.Graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) has been widely used for the direct determination of Cd in urine, owing to its high sensitivity, speed and minimal contamination risks. However, the direct determination of Cd by GFAAS is not easy. Most of the difficulties can be explained by the combination of the matrix urine with a relatively high inorganic salt concentration and analyte, cadmium, that has a relatively high volatility. It can be concluded from recent studies that the most promising technique is to use matrix modifiers for volatilizing Cd at a temperature that leave inorganic salts in the graphite tube. Until now, several matrix modifiers, such as ammonium phosphates, ammonium nitrate and sulfate, magnesium nitrate, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and palladium salts, have been used in the determination of Cd in various matrices by GFAAS.1-10 Among these modifiers, palladium, which was first reported by Shan and Ni 11 , has experienced increasing interest for the determination of volatile elements by GFAAS. 7-13 Recent studies have indicated that the stability effect of palladium for volatile elements is concerned with its metallic form.9,13-16 Therefore, palladium as a modifier is commonly used under reducing conditions. Palladium has been used with several reducing agents together, such as hydrazine, hydroxyl ammin hydrochloride and ascorbic acid. To the best of our knowledge, hitherto, palladium has not been combined with sodium azide as a reducing agent.The aim of present work was to experimentally evaluate the applicability of palladium combined with sodium azide for the determination of cadmium in urine. Experimental ApparatusA Hitachi (Model Z-8000) atomic absorption spectrometer with a Zeeman-effect background corrector equipped with a Hitachi Model graphite furnace atomizer (part No. 180-7400, uncoated tubes) was used through this work. The peak area (integrated absorbance) and peak height were automatically printed out and displayed using a Hitachi data processor. However, the peak-area absorbances were used to evaluate cadmium and the background absorbances. For cadmium, a hollow cathode lamp wavelength was set up 228.8 nm and a slit width to 0.7 nm. Argon served as a sheath gas at a flow rate of 200 ml min -1 . The absorbance of the atomization was measured without argon gas flow.Samples of 10 µl during the study were injected into the furnace using Eppendorf microliter pipettes with disposable polypropylene tips. The mass of the injected cadmium in the linear range of the calibration curve was 40 pg for optimization and comparison studies. Reagents and solutionAll reagents were from E. Merck and of pro analysis grade. A stock solution of cadmium (200 mg A combination of palladium and sodium azide is proposed as a mixed modifier for cadmium determinat...

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Section: Stabilizing Effects Of Pd-nan 3 Modifiersupporting

confidence: 61%

Effectiveness of Palladium–Sodium Azide Modifier for the Direct Determination of Urinary Cadmium by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Saraçoğlu

Elçi

1999

ANAL. SCI.

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“…In the field of analytical science, palladium is used as a matrix modifier for the determination of several metals, such as molybdenum and thallium, by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). [4][5][6] In this way, palladium is widely used in various fields. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of palladium has become important.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium(II) in Water by Metal-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Preconcentration on Chitin

et al. 1996

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Palladium(II) reacts with halogenide ions, such as chloride ion and bromide ion, to form anionic complexes. The acetylamino groups of chitin are protonated in an acidic medium, acting as an anion exchanger. The property of chitin was applied to the preconcentration and microdetermination of palladium(II). The palladium(II) chloro complex was quantitatively adsorbed onto chitin over the pH range of 2.5-4.0.The chitin which adsorbed the palladium(II) was separated from the sample solution by a membrane filter, and dispersed in pure water. The resulting suspension was introduced directly into a tungsten metal-furnace atomizer. An ashing temperature of 1000°C and an atomizing temperature of 2300°C were selected. The detection limit for palladium(II) was 0.06 µg/ 100 cm3 (S/N? 3). The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace amounts of palladium(II) in water samples. KeywordsPalladium(II), protonated chitin, preconcentration, tungsten metal furnace atomic absorption spectrometry Palladium is a noble metal which can be widely used as a catalyst for the oxidation of phenolic materials)-3 and electrical contact points. In the field of analytical science, palladium is used as a matrix modifier for the determination of several metals, such as molybdenum and thallium, by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).4-6 In this way, palladium is widely used in various fields. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of palladium has become important. For that purpose, numerous AAS methods following preconcentration techniques, such as coprecipitation', solvent extractiong-10 and adsorption-elution))-17, have been developed. The adsorption-elution method is one of the effective preconcentration techniques. Activated carbon (AC)11, chelating resin12,13, ion-exchange resin14,15 and porous polymer16,17 were used as the adsorbent. This method can require a pertinent choice of the eluent and elution procedure. Thus, a direct injection method, in which the metal adsorbed-adsorbent/ water suspension is introduced onto the furnace in electrothermal AAS, would be much more useful because of no need for an elution procedure.One of the present authors has reported a method in which metal ions, such as beryllium18, indium19 and gold20 adsorbed AC/water suspension, are injected directly into the graphite furnace or tungsten metal furnace. These methods are very simple and make it possible to determine ultratrace levels of the metal ions.Chitin has recently been used for the preconcentration of anionic complexes of metal ions by using its property as an anion-exchanger in an acidic medium. This property of chitin was applied to the determination of some metal ions by AAS after preconcentrated onto chitin as their maleonitriledithiolate21 and 1-nitroso-3,6-disulfo-2-naphtholate[nitoroso R(NR)]22,23 anionic complexes. Hoshi et al. have reported the spectrophotometric determination of iron(III) after being preconcentrated as its 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate anionic complex.24 Hase et al. synthesized the dithiocarba...

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1998

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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Determination of cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using palladium and tartaric acid as a mixed chemical modifier and a tungsten-foil platform with the possibility of standardless analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Effectiveness of Palladium–Sodium Azide Modifier for the Direct Determination of Urinary Cadmium by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Effectiveness of Palladium–Sodium Azide Modifier for the Direct Determination of Urinary Cadmium by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium(II) in Water by Metal-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Preconcentration on Chitin

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