The present study was aimed at determining the effects of medicinal herbs adjuvants on growth, hematoebiochemical parameters, some non-specific immunity and disease resistance to Photobacterium damselae in Sobaity sea bream (Sparidentex hasta). The fish (mean body weight 3.08±0.31 g) were fed fishmeal diets supplemented with either 1% of Garlic (Allium sativum), 1% supplemented of Ginger (Zingiber officinale), 1% supplemented of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), a mixture of these herbs (1% Garlic + 1% Ginger + 1% thyme), and control diet without medicinal herbs, for 8 weeks. The highest weight gains (WG %) and the specific growth rate (SGR) were in fish that fed diets with the mixture of three medicinal herbs (P<0.05). The number of WBC and RBC showed a significant increase in ginger and the mixture of three medicinal herbs compared to the control (P<0.05). The highest total protein and the lowest cholesterol levels were observed in treated groups with ginger diet (P<0.05). The highest albumin and the lowest triglyceride levels were achieved in mixture of these three herbsgroup. The analysis of AST and ALT were significantly decreased in the mixture of these three herbs and ginger groups (P<0.05). The lowest ALP level were showed in mixture of these three herbs group. Furthermore, serum lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement activity (ACH50) were significantly increased in the mixture of three medicinal herbs fed fish and ginger groups (P<0.05). After feeding experiment, fish were infected with Photobacterium damselae strain FN1 and mortalities were recorded. The results of this study demonstrated that dietary mixture of three medicinal herbs and ginger groups could be an improvement in the growth and some non-specific immunity of Sobaity sea bream fry.

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Apparent crude protein (ADCCP), crude fat (ADCCF), gross energy (ADCGE) and phosphorus (ADCP) digestibility coefficients of several typical and novel feedstuffs were determined to be utilized in formulated diets of pacu (20.3 ± 5.6 g). The tested feedstuffs included two fish meals, four terrestrial animal by‐products, three plant protein concentrates, six high‐protein plant meals and two low‐protein plant meals. The values of ADCCP varied in different fish meals ranging from 96.17% for Koli fish meal to 95.17% for Sardine fish meal. The values of ADCCP for plant protein concentrates ranged from 92.17% for wheat gluten meal to 93.17% for corn gluten meal. The values of ADCCP ranged from 50.17% for faba bean meal to 73.43% for spirulina meal. The ADCP ranged from 51.77% for low‐protein plant meals to 85.72% for fish meals. A significant (p < 0.05) linear regression (r2 = 0.96) was observed among in vivo ADCCP of five feedstuff classes fed to pacu and in vitro ADCCP. Based on these observations, we conclude that pacu as an omnivorous fish tend to utilize nutrient‐rich ingredients from high‐protein plant meals to fish meals.

This study was carried out on fatty acid composition in wild and cultured varieties of two fish species, Epinephelus coioides and Sparidentex hasta. Fresh fish samples were collected from Hormozgan, Iran. After lipid extraction, fatty acids composition was analysed by gas chromatography. Results showed DHA (C22:6n3), EPA (C20:5n3), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), myristic acid (C14:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) were important fatty acids in the fish samples. There was low concentrate of linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n3) in all analysed samples. Cultured fishes were found to contain significantly higher values of SFA, while their wild relative contained higher levels of MUFA followed by PUFA. In the wild fish species among PUFA, DHA were the most abundant followed by EPA. Altogether, EPA was the most abundant followed by DHA in the cultured fish species. Also the v3/v6 ratio was significantly higher in wild fishes and it was highest (13.04) in wild E. coioides.