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Odontometric sex assessment is considered a useful adjunct to more robust predictors such as pelvic and cranial bones, and discriminant function analysis (DA) has been widely applied in dental sex assessment. Logistic regression analysis (LRA) is considered a better alternative, although still untested in odontometric sex prediction. This study examines the use of LRA in dental sex assessment and compares its success to DA. Mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of all teeth, except third molars, were obtained on dental stone casts of 105 young adults (52 females, 53 males) using digital caliper. Application of LRA to teeth of both jaws combined and to maxillary and mandibular teeth separately yielded correct sex allocation rates ranging from 76% to 100%, which proved superior to sex assessment using DA (∼52-71%). LRA enabled optimal sex prediction (100%) when all teeth in both the jaws were included. Results were not as accurate when only maxillary (76.2%) or mandibular (84.8%) teeth were used. To assess and compare the use of these multivariate techniques in practical forensic casework, >25% of tooth variables were randomly deleted. LRA still performed better (∼91% sex allocation accuracy vs. 62.9% for DA), indicating that LRA may be superior in its ability to predict sex irrespective of the presence of complete or incomplete sets of dentitions and should be preferred in dental sex assessment. The 100% success rate of LRA in correctly assigning sex is also noteworthy considering that, in general, tooth measurements have yielded sub-optimal sex prediction levels. However, unambiguous sex assessment is possible only when the entire dentition is available and correct sex allocation levels decreases when teeth are missing.

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Aim:Chronic periodontal disease (CPD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share common pathogenic pathways involving the cytokine network resulting in increased susceptibility to both diseases, leading to increased inflammatory destruction, insulin resistance, and poor glycemic control. Periodontal treatment may improve glycemic control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) of T2DM patients with CPD on hyperglycemia and the levels of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10).Materials and Methods:Forty-five subjects were divided into three groups comprising 15 subjects each as Group 1 (healthy controls), Group 2 (CPD patients), and Group 3 (T2DM patients with CPD). Plaque index, gingival index (GI), probing pocket depths (PPD), clinical attachment loss (AL), bleeding on probing (BoP), random blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and serum IL-10 were measured at baseline; SRP was performed on Groups 2 and 3 and the selected parameters recorded again at 6 months.Results:Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in the variables at baseline and 6 months after SRP between the three groups using one-way ANOVA. The paired samples t-test for PPD and AL in Group 3 was statistically significant. Group 3 revealed positive correlations between PPD and HbA1C, BoP and IL-10, respectively, at 6 months and a predictable association of HbA1C with PPD and GI, and IL-10 levels with BoP, respectively, at 6 months.Conclusion:Scaling and root planing is effective in reducing blood glucose levels in T2DM patient with pocket depths and effective in elevating systemic IL-10 levels in CPD patients and CPD patients with T2DM.

Aim:Chronic periodontal disease (CPD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share common pathogenic pathways. This study aimed to estimate levels of serum interleukin (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine also associated with T2DM and evaluate its association with hyperglycemia.Materials and Methods:This investigation involved sixty participants divided into four groups comprising 15 participants each: Group 1 (healthy controls), Group 2 (CPD patients), Group 3 (T2DM patients with CPD) and Group 4 (T2DM patients). Plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depths (PPD), clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, random blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum IL-10 was measured.Results:Interleukin-10 was detected in all four groups. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in most of the variables in all groups. IL-10 correlated significantly with PPD in Group 1 and with HbA1c in Group 4. IL-10 regressed with PPD in Group 1 and with HbA1c in Group 4. IL-10 levels were lower in Group 3 when compared with Group 4 and was lowest in Group 2.Conclusion:Low IL-10 levels associated with high HbA1c. Pathogenic mechanisms of CPD seem to regulate IL-10. Serum IL-10 levels may be one of the predictors of glycemia.

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Respondents had favorable attitudes toward disaster management, but their knowledge and behavior required considerable improvement. Knowledge of the respondents was significantly associated with their attitude. This pilot study highlights the need for curriculum changes in dental education in India and further nationwide study.