The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive potentials of sesame seed protein hydrolysate and its membrane ultrafiltration peptide fractions in comparison to the unhydrolyzed protein. Sesame seed protein isolate (SESPI) was prepared from the defatted sesame seed meal and then hydrolyzed using consecutive additions of pepsin and pancreatin to yield sesame protein hydrolysate (SESPH). The SESPH was subjected to membrane ultrafiltration consecutively to obtain fractions with peptide sizes of <1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa, respectively, which were then assayed for in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. The results showed that protein hydrolysis and fractionation led to significant (p < .05) increases in the content of hydrophobic amino acids. Radical scavenging and metal ion chelation were also significantly (p < .05) enhanced by these treatments. Inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was stronger with the 1.0 mg/ml of sesame peptide samples in comparison to the mild inhibitory effect exhibited by the 0.5 mg/ml of samples. The <1 kDa peptide fraction was the most active inhibitor (81%) against angiotensin converting enzyme, whereas the bigger peptides (>3-5 and 5-10 kDa) were the most effective (75%-85%) inhibitors against renin. These sesame products could be used as therapeutic agents in the development of health enhancing foods for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Practical applications Bioactive peptides have been produced from plant protein sources through in vitro enzymatic activities. Sesame seed peptides have demonstrated multifunctional potential to act as antioxidative and antihypertensive agents that could be utilized as ingredients for the development of novel functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Background/Objectives: The acute impact of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces (HSC) extract on postprandial vascular function and other cardiometabolic risk factors have not been studied previously. This study investigated the acute impact of HSC extract consumption on blood pressure (BP), vascular function and other cardiometabolic risk markers. Subjects/Methods: Twenty-five men with 1% to 10% cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (determined by QRISK®2) were randomised to consume either 250 mL of the aqueous extract of HSC or water with breakfast in a randomised, controlled, single‐blinded, 2-meal cross-over study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NTC02165553) with a two weeks washout period between study days. BP was measured at baseline and hourly for 4 h. Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the branchial artery was measured at baseline, 2 and 4 h post intervention drink consumption. Results: Acute consumption of aqueous extract of HSC caused a significant increase in % FMD (p < 0.001), a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP); non-significant increase in urinary and plasma nitric oxide (NOx) and reduced response of serum glucose, plasma insulin, serum triacylglycerol and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; significant (p = 0.026) improvement in the area under systemic antioxidant response curve (0 to 2 h); no significant changes in arterial stiffness following the acute consumption of the extract of HSC. Gallic acid, 4-O-methylgallic acid, 3-O-methylgallic acid and hippuric acid reached a maximum plasma concentration at 1 to 2 h post consumption of the extract of HSC. Conclusion: The extract of HSC improved postprandial vascular function and may be a useful dietary strategy to reduce endothelial dysfunction and CVD risk, although this requires confirmation.
nut oil was extracted from (black, brown and yellow) cultivars using n-hexane. Physiochemical properties (refractive index, specific gravity, acid value, free fatty acid, peroxide, saponification and iodine values of the oil samples were determined. Storage studies on the tiger nut oils were done by monitoring changes in the thiobarbituric acid, peroxide value, free fatty acid and moisture content for twelve (12) weeks. The refractive index, specific gravity, acid value and free fatty acid value ranged between 1.46 ̵ 1.47, 0.89 ̵ 0.90, 0.4 ̵ 1.40mg/g, and 0.20 ̵ 0.75% respectively. The peroxide, saponification and iodine values ranged between 3.99 ̵ 4.43meq/kg, 183.25 ̵ 202.87mg/kOH/g and 29.69 ̵ 31.74g/l2/g respectively. The major fatty acids (FAs) of the tiger nut oil were oleic (77.71%), palmitic (16.17%), and stearic (5.08%) acids for the black cultivar, oleic (64.12%), palmitic (11.86%), linoleic (11.87%) and dihum ̵ g ̵ linolenic (1.71%) for the brown cultivar while the yellow cultivar had oleic (68.89%), linoleic (12.77%), palmitic (13.33%) and stearic (4.46%). During storage peroxide value, free fatty acid, moisture content and thiobarbituric acid of the oil were within the maximum limits as recommended by CODEX Alimentarius.
Aim: To evaluate the proximate composition, functional and sensory properties of a complementary food from pearl millet, soy flour and baobab fruit pulp composite flours. Study Design: A complementary food was produced from Pearl millet, soy flour and baobab fruit pulp powder (BFP) of various proportions (10, 20, 25 and 30%). Proximate (protein, ash, moisture, fibre, fat, carbohydrate and energy value) composition, functional (Bulk density, gelation capacity, swelling index, water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity) properties and sensory (appearance, flavour, texture and overall acceptability) attributes were determined. Results: The results of proximate composition showed that Moisture content ranged from 10.09 – 10.98, Protein content ranged from 9.80 – 24.25, Fat content ranged from 4.94 – 16.65, Carbohydrate content ranged from 43.11 – 71.03, Fibre content ranged from 3.37 – 15.67, Ash content ranged from 2.59 – 2.87% and Energy value ranged from 367.78 – 423.69 Kcal. The functional properties showed that Water Absorption Capacity ranged from 2.70 – 2.91, Oil Absorption Capacity ranged from 1.90 – 2.72, Bulk Density ranged from 0.69 – 0.71, Swelling Index ranged from 0.68 – 1.04 g/ml and Gelation Capacity ranged from 5 – 10% of the complementary food samples. The sensory attribute also revealed that the complementary food samples proved to be of good quality but the controlled sample (A) was most preferred by the panellist. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the Complementary food was produced from millet, baobab fruit pulp and soy flour. Though, samples were found to be low in protein, fat and energy. The carbohydrate, fibre and ash contents were found to increase with increase in baobab fruit pulp addition. Gelation capacity, swelling index and Oil absorption capacity increase with addition of baobab fruit pulp. On the other hand the bulk density and water absorption capacity decrease with increase baobab fruit pulp addition. The sensory properties indicated that sample A was the most preferred sample.
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