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The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive potentials of sesame seed protein hydrolysate and its membrane ultrafiltration peptide fractions in comparison to the unhydrolyzed protein. Sesame seed protein isolate (SESPI) was prepared from the defatted sesame seed meal and then hydrolyzed using consecutive additions of pepsin and pancreatin to yield sesame protein hydrolysate (SESPH). The SESPH was subjected to membrane ultrafiltration consecutively to obtain fractions with peptide sizes of <1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa, respectively, which were then assayed for in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. The results showed that protein hydrolysis and fractionation led to significant (p < .05) increases in the content of hydrophobic amino acids. Radical scavenging and metal ion chelation were also significantly (p < .05) enhanced by these treatments. Inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was stronger with the 1.0 mg/ml of sesame peptide samples in comparison to the mild inhibitory effect exhibited by the 0.5 mg/ml of samples. The <1 kDa peptide fraction was the most active inhibitor (81%) against angiotensin converting enzyme, whereas the bigger peptides (>3-5 and 5-10 kDa) were the most effective (75%-85%) inhibitors against renin. These sesame products could be used as therapeutic agents in the development of health enhancing foods for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Practical applications Bioactive peptides have been produced from plant protein sources through in vitro enzymatic activities. Sesame seed peptides have demonstrated multifunctional potential to act as antioxidative and antihypertensive agents that could be utilized as ingredients for the development of novel functional foods and nutraceuticals.

The effect of different processing temperatures on some quality characteristics of soymilk was determined. Soybean was processed at varying temperatures (80, 90 and 110°C), to produce soymilk samples A, B and D, with product processed using the normal boiling temperature of 100°C (sample C) as standard. The soymilk products were subjected to physiochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses using standard analytical methods. The moisture and crude fat contents decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in temperature from 92.05 to 89.78% and 2.26 to 2.04% respectively; while the converse was true of crude protein, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate contents, which all increased significantly (p<0.05). Total solids and pH increased from 7.95 to 10.90 and 6.50 to 6.58 respectively. The Total Viable Count (TVC) ranged from 1.4×10 3 -2.3×10 3 CFU/mL, while yeast and mould count ranged from 0.3×10 2 to 1.2×10 2 CFU/mL, with the lowest values coming from the products processed at 110°C, thus making sample D microbiologically safer than the others. Mean sensory scores for colour and flavour ranged from 5.90 to 7.00 and 5.87 to 8.33, respectively. Though all the soy milk products were acceptable, milk processed at 100°C (sample C) had the highest acceptability score (8.33) followed by samples B (6.60), A (5.89) and D (5.87) in that order. Processing at 100°C gave the best product in terms of all the attributes measured and is therefore, recommended for soy milk processors.

The physicochemical and sensory evaluation of bread from the composite of wheat, water yam and soybean flours were determined. Five bread samples were produced from the proportion of wheat/water yam/soybean flours as 80%:10%:10% (B), 75%:15%:10% (C), 70%:20%:10% (D), 65%:25%10% (E) and 100% wheat was the control sample (A). The moisture, crude protein, fiber and ash increased (p≤0.05) significantly while the carbohydrate and fat content decreased (p≤0.05) significantly with corresponding increase in the percentage of the composite flour from 10-25% for water yam flour at constant 10% soybean level. The result of the physical properties showed that there was a significant difference in all the physical parameters except loaf weight which didn't increased (p≥0.05) significantly with increased addition of water yam flour at constant soybean level. The result of the sensory analysis showed there were significant differences in all the sensory scores. However, consumers preferred the bread from the composite flours of 20% substitution for both water yam and soybean flours. Ochelle et al.; AFSJ, 10(3): 1-8, 2019; Article no.AFSJ.50240 2 Keywords: Wheat; water yam and soybean flours; proximate; physical and sensory attributes. Original Research Article Peer-review history:The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here:

The study examined the chemical and functional properties of composite flours based on maize, Bambara groundnut, and mango for possible use as complementary food. Flours were prepared from yellow maize variety, Bambara groundnut and mango pulp and blended in the ratios 100/0/0, 90/5/5, 85/10/5, 75/20/5, 70/25/5 and 65/30/5 labelled as samples A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Standard methods were used to evaluate the composite flours and the control for functional properties, and chemical properties. Analysis showed an increase in the moisture content, proteins (19.28% in sample A to 23.81 % in sample F), lipids, carbohydrate. Crude fibre content ranged from 2.97% in Sample F to 1.91% in Sample A. Ash content generally increased from 1,62% in sample A to 2.58% in sample F. Phosphorus, Calcium and Potassium showed an increasing trend as follows; (154 mg/100 g in sample A to 186.86 mg/100 g in sample F), (392.67 mg/100 gin sample a to 399.94 mg/100 g in sample F), (183.56 mg/100 g in Sample A to 192.02 mg/100 g in Sample F) respectively. Provitamin A and ascorbate showed significant increase in the composite flours than the control. All anti-nutrient compositions in the samples were within tolerable levels There was no significant difference in the swelling indices of the different flour blends; the highest water absorption capacities were seen in sample F (1.36 g/ml) while the lowest was seen in the control sample A (1.15 g/ml). Water absorption capacity therefore showed an increasing trend with increasing substitution of maize flour with BG flour and mango powder. Results showed that supplementing Yellow maize flour with Bambara groundnut flour and mango powder considerably improved the protein content of the flour, hence they can find useful application for ogi production.