In vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of sesame seed enzymatic protein hydrolysate and ultrafiltration peptide fractions

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive potentials of sesame seed protein hydrolysate and its membrane ultrafiltration peptide fractions in comparison to the unhydrolyzed protein. Sesame seed protein isolate (SESPI) was prepared from the defatted sesame seed meal and then hydrolyzed using consecutive additions of pepsin and pancreatin to yield sesame protein hydrolysate (SESPH). The SESPH was subjected to membrane ultrafiltration consecutively to obtain fractions with peptide sizes of <1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa, respectively, which were then assayed for in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. The results showed that protein hydrolysis and fractionation led to significant (p < .05) increases in the content of hydrophobic amino acids. Radical scavenging and metal ion chelation were also significantly (p < .05) enhanced by these treatments. Inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was stronger with the 1.0 mg/ml of sesame peptide samples in comparison to the mild inhibitory effect exhibited by the 0.5 mg/ml of samples. The <1 kDa peptide fraction was the most active inhibitor (81%) against angiotensin converting enzyme, whereas the bigger peptides (>3-5 and 5-10 kDa) were the most effective (75%-85%) inhibitors against renin. These sesame products could be used as therapeutic agents in the development of health enhancing foods for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Practical applications Bioactive peptides have been produced from plant protein sources through in vitro enzymatic activities. Sesame seed peptides have demonstrated multifunctional potential to act as antioxidative and antihypertensive agents that could be utilized as ingredients for the development of novel functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory properties of sesame seed protein fractions and their isolate and hydrolyzate

“…[29] With the exception of lysine, some of the values reported for the amino acid composition of the samples were higher when compared to the recommended allowance by WHO/FAO for some of the amino acids. results obtained further confirm work by earlier authors [13] that sesame protein hydrolyzates are rich sources of amino acids, such as the hydrophobic (HAA) and aromatic (AAA) amino acids which contributes to the antioxidant and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition activities.…”

“…Hence, inhibiting the angiotensin converting and renin enzymes is a good approach to manage hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases . [13,43,44] As indicated in Figure 6, albumin fraction (30.03%) exhibited significantly (p < .05) greater ACEinhibitory activity than the other samples, a pattern which was in line with the trend of some amino acids, such as aspartic amino acid, serine and lysine (Table 1). The defatted flour (21.21%) and protein isolate (21.23%) also exhibited appreciable ACE-inhibitory activities, which were not significantly (p < .05) different from each other.…”

“…Several subunits of sesame seed proteins [11] oil body proteins [12] have also been explored by electrophoresis. Protein hydrolyzates produced from sesame seed proteins have been shown to exhibit various antioxidant [8,13] and antihypertensive [13,14] properties. However, there is a dearth of information on the antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory potentials of the various storage proteins of sesame seeds and the protein isolate.…”

Production, Purification, and Potential Health Applications of Edible Seeds’ Bioactive Peptides: A Concise Review

“…Moreover, the results confirmed that the <1 kDa membrane fraction (100 mg/kg weight), when orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats, decreased (−35 mmHg) the SBP [92]. A recent study by Aondona et al [93] assessed the in vitro antihypertensive potential of sesame seed protein hydrolysate and its fractionated peptides. The sesame seed protein hydrolysate was formed by using pepsin and pancreatin and then filtered through membrane ultrafiltration in order to obtain different peptide size fractions.…”

Sesame seed as an alternative plant protein source: A comprehensive physicochemical characterisation study for alkaline, salt and enzyme‐assisted extracted samples

“…Statistical databases of FAO also indicated that India, Myanmar and China are the biggest sesame seed producers in the world (Myint et al, 2020) Overall, 97% of the sesame seed is supplied by Asia and Africa. Sesame seed is rich in various types of nutrients and bioactive compounds, making it a valuable oilseed (Aondona et al, 2021). According to different studies, sesame seed contains between 15% and 25% of protein, depending on the genotype (Yasothai, 2014;Parsaeian et al, 2020).…”