Fungal pathogens exert severe qualitative and quantitative damages to wheat crop. Karnal bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia indica Mitra, Mundkur is a severe threat to global food security. Nonetheless, T. indica is regulated as a quarantine pest in numerous countries, which further aggravates the situation. Tolerant varieties and appropriate management practices for Karnal bunt are imperative to meet the global wheat demands. This two-year study explored the impact of fungicide [Fosetyl-Aluminium (Aliette)] application timing on allometric traits, disease suppression and economic returns of bread wheat. Four bread wheat cultivars differing in their tolerance to Karnal bunt were used in the study. Fungicide was applied as either seed treatment (ST), foliar application at heading (FAH) or ST + FAH, whereas no application (NA) was taken as control. Lasani-08 performed better than the rest of the cultivars in terms of allometric traits (plant height, leaf area, crop growth rate, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content), yield and economic returns. Nonetheless, minimal disease severity was recorded for Lasani-08 compared to other cultivars during both years. The ST improved allometric traits of all cultivars; however, ST + FAH resulted in higher yield and economic returns. Cultivar Pasban-90 observed the highest disease severity and performed poor for allometric traits, yield and economic returns. It is concluded that ST + FAH of Fosetyl-Aluminium could be a pragmatic option to cope Karnal bunt of wheat. Nonetheless, Pasban-90 must not be used for cultivation to avoid yield and quality losses.
contamination in drinking and irrigation water are much toxic for living organisms that are present in excess amount or in less than their requirement in the body. Their major sources are from different industries as dying, textiles, leather, mining, pesticides, plastic, wood, and pharmaceuticals. The industrial processes release these metals in air, surface water, soil, groundwater, and crops and ultimately target human beings. Groundwater contamination occurs through the anthropogenic activities by man-made products such as gasoline, oil, road salts, mining, pesticides, and fertilizers, etc. discharge into groundwater. Copper, zinc, and selenium are heavy metals that are needed in trace amounts for humans. On the other hand, some other metals like lead, arsenic, and mercury are extremely dangerous for human beings even if consumed in small amounts. There is a big challenge to remove heavy metals from drinking water. Different diseases like nervous system damage, kidney failure, blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, growth inhibition are mostly caused by their contamination in drinking water. Various modern and conventional techniques are used for the determination of heavy metals and water treatment.
From a large number of rice varieties tested, no variety was identified as resistant to tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV). Only in Utri Merah was the RTBV multiplication restrictive, whereas other varieties such as Kataribhog and Pankhari 203 were identified as tolerant. These varieties were crossed with a susceptible variety. TN1, to study the inheritance of restrictive multiplication and tolerance to RTBV. After 3 weeks of inoculation with RTBV, F1; F2, and F3 progenies were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The RTBV concentration in all F1 populations was intermediate between parents. The frequency distribution of F2 seedlings with various levels of RTBV concentration indicated that the RTBV tolerance is controlled by multiple genes. The RTBV concentrations in F1 and F2 progenies from the Utri Merah x TN1 cross revealed that restrictive multiplication of RTBV in Utri Merah is a polygenic character. The continuous variation observed in F2 populations from crosses between tolerant varieties and Utri merah indicated no allelic relationships between tolerant and restrictive multiplication traits.
Purpose: This study determines the information dissemination during the Covid-19 pandemic and examine the impact on the educational activity of postgraduate students in Allied Health Sciences institute in Pakistan. Methodology: Present quantitative study is based on survey method that was carried out to assess the effectiveness of information dissemination during Covid-19 pandemic among postgraduate allied health science students in different universities in Lahore Pakistan. Finding: The response rate of the study remained 80%. Majority of users, about 69.5% (n=66) students responded that they did not have challenges in information dissemination during Covid-19, while 30.5% (n=29) students respond that the information was poor. Respondents of the study found highly satisfied with the efficiency of library on providing e-services during Covid-19 (P-Value = 0.487). usability of libraries in information dissemination in which 74 (78%) responded that libraries provide access to reliable and trustworthy Covid-19 pandemic information via different media. 75(79%) students are agreed on providing awareness sensitization on how to restrain the spread of Covid-19 pandemic, online and offline services provided by libraries to allied health science students, challenges faced by libraries in the dissemination of information 77 (81%) Students respond that there is inadequate skills and knowledge of utilizing the Internet resources and services. The recommendations of the study might be beneficial to enhance the effectiveness of resources and services of universities libraries. Keywords: University Library; Library Website; Library User; Covid-19 Pandemic; Information Dissemination; Information Technology; Post Graduate Allied Health Science, Students.
Purpose: This study analyses the impact on postgraduate students' educational activity at an Allied Health Sciences institute in Pakistan as well as the information distribution during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: The current quantitative analysis is based on a survey that was conducted among postgraduate allied health science students in various universities in Lahore, Pakistan, to evaluate the efficacy of information distribution during the Covid-19 pandemic. Finding: The response rate of the study remained 80%. Majority of users, Approximately 69.5% (n=66) of students said they had no trouble getting information during COVID-19, whereas 30.5% (n=29) of students said the information was subpar. Respondents of the study found highly satisfied with the efficiency of library on providing e-services during Covid-19 (P-Value = 0.487). usability of libraries in information dissemination which 74 (78%) respondents said that libraries offer access to trustworthy and reliable Covid-19 pandemic information through a variety of media There is consensus among 75 (or 79%) of the students on the importance of raising awareness and educating people on how to contain the Covid-19 outbreak, as well as the difficulties libraries face in disseminating information. 77 (81%) students said they lack the knowledge and abilities necessary to effectively use the tools and services available on the Internet. The recommendations of the study might be beneficial to enhance the effectiveness of resources and services of universities libraries. Keywords: University Library; Library Website; Library User; Covid-19 Pandemic; Information Dissemination; Information Technology; Post Graduate Allied Health Science, Students.
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