Abstract. e purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of job satisfaction and openness to experience with intrapreneurship. e fi ndings of the study revealed that job satisfaction and openness to experience are positively associated with intrapreneurship. e study also found that openness to experience moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and intrapreneurship. As job satisfaction of employee is enhanced, the employees' intrapreneural abilities get aff ected positively. e intensity of this relationship depends upon the role of the moderating variable of the study i.e., openness to experience.

Heavy metals e.g., Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, As and Ni etc are a major sources of pollutants which enter into the food chains and cause serious health impairments, carcinogenicity and mutagenesis. They have adverse effects on blood composition, lungs, energy level, kidneys, central nervous system, liver, and other vital organs of the body. Heavy metals can be successfully removed by easily available, eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbents which include the wastes/products of natural (chitin, silicate porous material, clay and zeolites, vermiculite, cyclodextrin, chitosan, starch and its derivatives, alginates, fly ash), agricultural (walnut shell, Turkish coffee, waste tea, black gram, neem bark, coconut shell, coconut husk, coal, oil palm shell, sugarcane bagasse, rice, wool, waste tea, peat moss, Turkish coffee, exhausted coffee, crop biomass, rice straw, rice hulls, rice husk, rice, soybean hull, papaya wood, peanut shell, peanut, citrus fruits, palm date pits, black gram, wool, cassava waste, carrot residues, banana and orange peels, sugar-beet pectin gels, black gram husk) and industrial (waste rubber tire, waste slurry, lignin, fly ash, red mud)) origin. The adsorption efficiency is affected by functional groups and particle/ pore size of the adsorbent, speed of agitation, biosorbent dose, initial concentration and molecular size of metal ions, temperature and pH.

contamination in drinking and irrigation water are much toxic for living organisms that are present in excess amount or in less than their requirement in the body. Their major sources are from different industries as dying, textiles, leather, mining, pesticides, plastic, wood, and pharmaceuticals. The industrial processes release these metals in air, surface water, soil, groundwater, and crops and ultimately target human beings. Groundwater contamination occurs through the anthropogenic activities by man-made products such as gasoline, oil, road salts, mining, pesticides, and fertilizers, etc. discharge into groundwater. Copper, zinc, and selenium are heavy metals that are needed in trace amounts for humans. On the other hand, some other metals like lead, arsenic, and mercury are extremely dangerous for human beings even if consumed in small amounts. There is a big challenge to remove heavy metals from drinking water. Different diseases like nervous system damage, kidney failure, blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, growth inhibition are mostly caused by their contamination in drinking water. Various modern and conventional techniques are used for the determination of heavy metals and water treatment.

Gout is arthritis caused due to Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposition occurring particularly in patients with associated comorbidities limiting the use of conventional therapies. This study was planned to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of urinile (a herbal drug) for the treatment of gouty arthritis. Allopurinol was used as standard drug (positive control). The study population of 250 volunteers (gouty arthritis patients) were divided into 2 groups as test and control group (n = 125 each). Gouty arthritis patients in test and control group were treated with 300 mg each of urinile and allopurinol, respectively. Clinical symptoms of all the study volunteers were recorded and serum uric acid was determined. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum uric acid level toward normal was found in test group individuals. Clinical symptoms of gouty arthritis patients were also improved in test group compared to control group. Results showed that urinile has the potential to decrease serum uric acid level in gouty arthritis patients probably because of its antioxidant potential and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. It can be concluded that the tested herbal drug urinile is more potent in treating gouty arthritis patients and can be used as an effective alternative to the most commonly used allopathic drugs.

The primary aim of this study was to assess the interrater reliability of the Dynamic Leap and Balance Test (DLBT) in chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy groups. The secondary aim was to assess the differences in errors and time taken to complete the DLBT between the two groups for both raters and to identify cutoff scores to distinguish between patients with CAI and healthy controls. This was a controlled laboratory reliability analysis study. Fourteen healthy college‐aged subjects (9 women 5 men; weight = 62.10 ± 8.03; height = 168.35 ± 6.0) and sixteen with a history of CAI (9 women, 7 men; weight = 68.01 ± 10.74; height = 172.08 ± 11.37) participated. Interrater reliability was determined by independent raters for both total time taken to complete the task and errors made. The most optimal score to discriminate between two groups was determined by receiver operator curve analysis. Total time taken and errors made were also documented for group differences as secondary analysis. A strong agreement was found between the two raters for time and errors with intraclass correlation coefficient >0.80. Significantly (P < .05) higher number of errors were made and greater time taken by the CAI subjects when compared with healthy for both raters. The most optimal score to discriminate between CAI and healthy control was 43.28s and 4 errors. Excellent interrater reliability substantiates that it can be used confidently by different clinicians for testing dynamic balance. CAI group took more time and made more errors to complete the DLBT.

BACKGROUND Alvarado score has been routinely used in clinical practice for assessing the probability of acute appendicitis in patients presenting with right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Computed tomography can be used for equivocal or difficult cases. We wanted to evaluate role of computed tomography (CT) in patients with low or equivocal Alvarado scores. METHODS This is a retrospective, observational study conducted in the Department of Radiology at our Hospital in Dhahran from October 2017 to October 2018. 138 patients with equivocal Alvarado scores (AS, 4-6) and negative (non-conclusive or limited) ultrasounds, were retrospectively reviewed. Pregnant, postoperative (bowel surgery) cases and chronic appendicitis cases were excluded. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis on CT was based on a thickened or fluid dilated appendix (diameter > 6mm, wall enhancement) with at least one of the associated findings (like appendicolith, peri-appendiceal fat stranding, free fluid, extra-luminal air foci, caecal base thickening and mesenteric lymph nodes). Imaging findings were reviewed by two radiologists and consensus reporting was made. Findings on CT were categorized as AA (Acute Appendicitis), OD (Other Diagnosis) and NOR (Normal). Surgical candidates were confirmed on histopathology, while nonsurgical cases were followed up on either imaging or clinical grounds. Chi-square test was used to determine association. The main outcome measure was diagnosis on CT and histopathology. RESULTS 29.7% (41 patients) were found to have acute appendicitis on CT imaging. Majority of patients with AS of 5 were having OD, while most of AA cases were having AS of 6. All patients with AS of 4 were having normal CT scans. CONCLUSIONS Computed tomography helps to diagnose acute appendicitis or establish an alternate diagnosis in patients with equivocal Alvarado scores.

Air pollution, resulting from buffing dust waste produced by local leather tanning industry, has become a critical issue for the environment and public health. To promote a circular economy through resource recovery, this work developed a thermal insulation composite using buffing dust-laden tanning waste mixed with polystyrene and a blowing agent. To prepare the samples from leather tanning waste, different proportions of buffing dust (5–20% (w/w)) were blended with polystyrene in the presence of 3% (w/w) blowing agent. The composite material was processed in double-barreled with co-twin extruder to expose it to pressure and then heated at 200 °C. Different physico-chemical properties of composite samples were determined. The prepared composite materials had a good thermal conductivity (0.033–0.029 W/m-K), strong compression (5.21–6.25 ton), density (38–20 kg/m3), and water absorption (5–7.5%), as compared to conventional constructional insulation panels. The thermal conductivity of polystyrene was reduced to 10% after the addition of buffing dust (20% w/w). The presence of a blowing agent in the composite material enhanced its volume without compromising its physico-chemical properties. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of the composite material ranged from 200–412 °C. FTIR analysis indicated that the composite had carbonyl and amino functional groups. The SEM images revealed the formation of voids with a decreasing homogeneity of the composite after the addition of the buffing dust waste. The EDX analysis revealed that the composite also had 62% of C and a tiny amount of Cr. This implies that the composite panels can be used for installation in buildings as thermal insulators in the construction sector. Overall, this work not only resolved the energy consumption problems during manufacturing, but it also brought positive impacts on the environment by recycling hazardous buffing dust and then reusing it as a thermal insulation material. Not only does this reduce the air pollution that results from the buffing dust waste, but this also promotes resource recovery in the framework of a circular economy.

A round-robin tournament is a contest where each and every player plays with all the other players. In this study, we propose a round-robin based tournament selection operator for the genetic algorithms (GAs). At first, we divide the whole population into two equal and disjoint groups, then each individual of a group competes with all the individuals of other group. Statistical experimental results reveal that the devised selection operator has a relatively better selection pressure along with a minimal loss of population diversity. For the consisting of assigned probability distribution with sampling algorithms, we employ the Pearson’s chi-square and the empirical distribution function as goodness of fit tests for the analysis of statistical properties analysis. At the cost of a nominal increase of the complexity as compared to conventional selection approaches, it has improved the sampling accuracy. Finally, for the global performance, we considered the traveling salesman problem to measure the efficiency of the newly developed selection scheme with respect to other competing selection operators and observed an improved performance.