We aimed to determine whether extracorporeal shock waves of varying intensity would damage the intact tendo Achillis and paratenon in a rabbit model. We used 42 female New Zealand white rabbits randomly divided into four groups as follows: group a received 1000 shock-wave impulses of an energy flux density of 0.08 mJ/mm2, group b 1000 impulses of 0.28 mJ/mm2, group c 1000 impulses of 0.60 mJ/mm2, and group d was a control group. Sonographic and histological evaluation showed no changes in group a, and transient swelling of the tendon with a minor inflammatory reaction in group b. Group c had formation of paratendinous fluid with a significant increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the tendon. In this group there were marked histological changes with increased eosin staining, fibrinoid necrosis, fibrosis in the paratenon and infiltration of inflammatory cells. We conclude that there are dose-dependent changes in the tendon and paratenon after extracorporeal shock-wave therapy and that energy flux densities of over 0.28 mJ/mm should not be used clinically in the treatment of tendon disorders.
We aimed to determine whether extracorporeal shock waves of varying intensity would damage the intact tendo Achillis and paratenon in a rabbit model. We used 42 female New Zealand white rabbits randomly divided into four groups as follows: group a received 1000 shock-wave impulses of an energy flux density of 0.08 mJ/mm2, group b 1000 impulses of 0.28 mJ/mm2, group c 1000 impulses of 0.60 mJ/mm2, and group d was a control group. Sonographic and histological evaluation showed no changes in group a, and transient swelling of the tendon with a minor inflammatory reaction in group b. Group c had formation of paratendinous fluid with a significant increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the tendon. In this group there were marked histological changes with increased eosin staining, fibrinoid necrosis, fibrosis in the paratenon and infiltration of inflammatory cells. We conclude that there are dose-dependent changes in the tendon and paratenon after extracorporeal shock-wave therapy and that energy flux densities of over 0.28 mJ/mm2 should not be used clinically in the treatment of tendon disorders.
Objective: During osteoarthritis (OA), chondrocytes seem to change their spatial arrangement from single to double strings, small and big clusters. Since the pericellular matrix (PCM) appears to degrade alongside this reorganisation, it has been suggested that spatial patterns act as an image-based biomarker for OA. The aim of this study was to establish the functional relevance of spatial organisation in articular cartilage. Method: Cartilage samples were selected according to their predominant spatial cellular pattern. Young's modulus of their PCM was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (~500 measurements/pattern). The distribution of two major PCM components (collagen type VI and perlecan) was analysed by immunohistochemistry (8 patients) and protein content quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (58 patients). Results: PCM stiffness significantly decreased with the development from single to double strings (p ¼ 0.030), from double strings to small clusters (p ¼ 0.015), and from small clusters to big clusters (p < 0.001). At the same time, the initially compact collagen type VI and perlecan staining progressively weakened and was less focalised. The earliest point with a significant reduction in protein content as shown by ELISA was the transition from single strings to small clusters for collagen type VI (p ¼ 0.016) and from double strings to small clusters for perlecan (p ¼ 0.008), with the lowest amounts for both proteins seen in big clusters. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the functional relevance of spatial chondrocyte organisation as an image-based biomarker. At the transition from single to double strings PCM stiffness decreases, followed by protein degradation from double strings to small clusters.
The present investigation aims to evaluate periprosthetic bone remodelling after total knee arthroplasty by the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Twelve patients affected by osteoarthrosis of the knee joint underwent primary total knee arthroplasty at an average age of 70.5 years. None of them had received a knee prosthesis before on the contralateral side. Anteroposterior and lateral DXA measurements of the femur, tibia and total knee (both sides) were taken 2 weeks, 3 and 9 months postoperatively. The 2-week measurement was used as an individual reference value to be compared with the 3- and 9-month findings. In addition, the contralateral knee was investigated also in order to estimate how far bone mineral loss was due to implantation or to an individual decline in bone mineral density (BMD). The comparison of BMD values after knee arthroplasty revealed a conspicuous decrease of bone density within 9 months. Bone mineral loss amounted to an average of 9.2% in anteroposterior and 17.8% in lateral DXA measurements. Lateral femur shots showed an average decrease of density of even 21.5%. In contrast, the BMD values of the contralateral knees remained almost unchanged. DXA, especially lateral shots of the femur, promises to be a suitable method for early assessment of periprosthetic bone remodelling after total knee arthroplasty.
We concluded that the use of Bailey-Dubow rods in early childhood can be recommended for the femur, whereas insertion into the tibia or humerus is associated with a considerable complication rate.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.