The study was aimed to profile the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of a herbo-metallic drug Arumuga Chendhuram (AC). AC was prepared classically and analyzed for elemental composition using X-ray Fluorescence. Acute oral toxicity study was done on female rats at AC 2 g/kg as single administration following OECD guideline 423. For sub acute toxicity study, AC was administered orally for 28 consecutive days suspended in vehicle (Honey + distilled water) to rats following OECD guideline 407. Four groups was allotted (10 rats/group), control received vehicle; the other received AC at 12, 24 & 48 mg/kg/day respectively. Mortality and abnormal clinical signs were observed. Haematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed using auto analyzer with standard kits and ANOVA-Dunnett test was performed for significant analyses. Gross necropsy and histopathology studies using H&E stain were done on major organs. Mercury and Lead were found more than the WHO permissible limits in XRF study. LD50 was found more than 2 g/kg. NoObserved-Adverse-Effect level of AC was seen at 24 mg/kg in 28 days of treatment. No abnormal findings were noted in high dose group organs. Administration of AC at its human therapeutic dose of 260 mg/kg in rat (24 mg/kg) is safe.
Background: On March 12, 2020, WHO declared Novel Coronavirus disease as a pandemic outbreak all over the world. The outbreak had led the medical sector to a new platform, in the implementation of ancient knowledge of the Siddha medicine in treatment, management, and prevention of this prevailing pandemic. According to Siddha science, any vitiation in the life force is the main cause of diseases in human beings. pandemic diseases caused due to infectious microorganisms are called ‘Kollai Noigal’ in various Siddha literatures. Aim and objective: To classify the Novel Coronavirus disease based on the Siddha Humoural principles and to elicit the changes of Ninety-six Thatthuvam (Ninety - six basic principles), Uyir Thathukkal and Udal Thathukkal. Materials and methods: This study is accomplished mainly for literature research. Various Siddha texts such as Sattamuni gnanam, Agathiyar Gunavagadam, Agathiyar vallathi Naadi, Theraiyar Sekarappa, etc. were referred. Numerous research articles on COVID 19 were critically reviewed from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Discussion: By critically reviewing the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 with Siddha science, the authors had thrown light especially on the involvement of all basic components of the Tri thodam particularly Mukkutram verupadu (Tri humoral vitiation) in eliciting the pathogenesis of the disease. Conclusion: In this scientific review, the authors have attempted to comprehend the pathogenesis of Novel coronavirus disease in the context of Siddha's basic principles.
Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer which causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system because there is no effective screening and most women are diagnosed at advanced stages. The probability of survival at 5 years is less than 30%, and the limitation is that it will not respond to chemotherapy protocol and surgery as well. Nandhi mezhugu is a Siddha herbo-mineral drug widely used to treat cancer. Hence, the present study was intended to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of Nandhi mezhugu on (PA-1) cell line through MTT assay. Materials and Methods: Stock solutions were prepared from the formulation at various concentrations with serial dilution. Compared with the control and Methotrexate, the extracts were tested using MTT assay at different concentrations. Results: This study substantiated that the percentage of cell viability of cell line viability decrease with increase in concentration of the test drug NM. Least viability of cell was observed at the concentration of 200µg/mL was 73.02 ± 4.584%, followed by this at 100 µg and 50 µg shows 82.36 ± 3.084%, 87.81 ± 2.657, similarly 10 µg/mL shows 95.89 ± 1.054% cell viability in MTT assay. Conclusion: Thus, the current study brings forth scientific evidence for the efficacy of Nandhi mezhugu against the ovarian cancer (PA1) cell line.
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