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Coating of suitable materials having thickness of a few atoms to several microns on a substrate is of great interest to the scientific community. Hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitable atoms, where their energy and forced behaviors in certain transition state favour binding. In the binding mechanism of suitable atoms, electron belonging to outer ring filled state of gas atom undertakes another clamp of energy knot belonging to outer ring unfilled state of solid atom. Set process conditions develop the coating of different atoms when processing their suitable composition in a system. Atoms of different nature develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating their ground points between the original ones. Here, gas atoms increase the potential energy of their electrons under decreasing levitational force in a controlled manner, whereas solid atoms decrease the potential energy of their electrons under decreasing gravitational force in a controlled manner. In TiN coating, Ti–Ti atoms bind under the difference of expansion of their lattices, called nets of energy knots, where one atom just lands on the already landed atom. An adhered N-atom to a Ti-atom occupies an interstitial position among four Ti-atoms. As per set conditions of the process, different natured atoms deposit at substrate surface to develop structure of coating. So, hard coating is deposited because of nearly opposite working energy and forced behaviors of different natured atoms. The rate of ejecting or dissociating solid atoms depends on the nature of source, parameters and processing technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing coating at substrate depends on several parameters. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces for involved non-conserved energies. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings and others.

Coatings of specific materials in few atoms of thickness to several microns on certain substrate is the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in different domains; decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coating medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings, coating cutting tools, coatings for MEMS and NEMS, and so on. Different coatings develop under significant composition of atoms where certain force-energy behaviors provide the provision for electrons (of gas atoms) to deal double clamping of energy knots of unfilled states (of solid atoms). Under certain process conditions, different nature atoms oppositely-switch force-energy behaviors to the ones originally owned where they locate common mid-points of their ground points at accommodating level resulting into deal binding. Because of adjusting contraction-expansion of clamping energy knots under varying potential energy of electrons, they develop structure of their atoms termed as hard coating, which is known since antiquity. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings like hardness, adhesion, roughness and friction coefficient, etc. are emerged under attained mid-points of transformed atoms in evolving

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