Actinic keratosis is a common disease in humans, which also affects dogs. Lesions occur in chronically sun exposed areas, such as flank, ventral and lateral abdomen. It has been reported that actinic keratosis is a pre-neoplastic disease which may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasm in dogs. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between COX-2 and cell proliferation on the outcome of dogs with actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This study included 10 skin sections of actinic keratosis (G1) and 10 cutaneous SCC (G2). Data including age, breed, gender and histopathological findings were documented. Paraffin-embedded tissues were retrieved for COX-2 and Ki-67 staining. American Pit Bull Terrier dogs were the most affected ones in both G1 and G2, the mean age was 4.3 (±0.8) years and 5.6 (±1.7) years, respectively. Mean score of COX-2 immunostaining in G1 and G2 was 8.16 (±3.51) and 8.56 (±1.03), respectively. Mean percentage of immunopositive cells for Ki-67 in G1 and G2 was 15.77 (±8.81) and 17.71 (±12.21), respectively. There was no association between COX-2 expression and Ki-67, recurrence, survival and metastasis rate (p > 0.05). These findings highlight the role of COX-2 and Ki-67 in carcinogenesis, but do not confirm the relationship between COX-2 expression and increased cell proliferation in dogs. COX-2 may play a role in carcinogenesis, but this pathway is not responsible for cellular proliferation in actinic keratosis and cutaneous SCC in dogs. Both markers were not useful tools to differentiate the outcome of affected dogs.

A intoxicação por plantas normalmente causa danos severos aos animais domésticos, acarretando consideráveis perdas econômicas ao país. Dentre essas plantas, Crotalaria spectabilis A feeding experiment was undertaken using 24 weanling pigs, distributed in four treatments, with 6 animals in each group. The animals of group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were fed with rations containing 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of Crotalaria spectabilis seeds, respectively, during a period of 90 days. Postmorten examination was performed immediately after death in the animals which died during the experiment. The pigs which survived were sacrificed on the last day of the experiment. During the autopsy fragments of liver, kidneys, lungs and stomach were collected for histological examination. The main clinical signs of the intoxication were subcutaneous oedema, affecting particulary the face, limbs and neck, pale ocular and oral mucous membranes, ruffled bristle, emaciation and apathy. Hydropericardium was the most common finding at necropsy, occurring in several intoxicated animals. The major microscopic changes were fibrosis, bile ductulus proliferation and megalocytosis in the liver, bronchopneumonia and chronic bronchitis, renal tubular cell megalocytosis, nephrosis and chronic nephritis, as well as gastritis and gastric ulcerations. The experimental findings showed that rations contaminated with C. spectabilis seeds, at the used rate, were toxic to swine.

Although enzymuria tends to be associated to renal injury, there are no studies that have evaluated the presence of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) spectrophotometry in the urine using a non-nephrotoxic agent (Nerium oleander) in order to evaluate the possibility of false positive results. The urinary GGT/urinary creatinine concentration ratio (uGGT/uCr) of 10 healthy dogs was calculated and posteriorly confronted with data from clinical evaluation, hematological and serum biochemical profiles, creatinine clearance (CrC), urinalysis, urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPC), electrocardiogram, systemic blood pressure (SBP) and light and electron microscopy. The results for kidney histology, SBP, UPC and CrC were not significantly different in any of the time-points analyzed. However, uGGT/uCr was significantly higher when measured 4 hours and 24 hours after administration of N. oleander. The measurement of the urinary GGT enzyme, as performed in many studies, yielded false positive results in dogs poisoned by a non-nephrotoxic agent.

The aim of this study was to compare individual venom samples of Crotalus durissus terrificus recently captured in the wild to evaluate possible differences in venom protein composition. Protein levels were quantified by biochemical method (Biuret) and then submitted to electrophoresis. Electrophoresis studies of native protein were performed in vertical slabs of polyacrylamide gel (PAGE), in an alkaline discontinuous buffer system, with a concentration of 10% in the separation gel. SDS-PAGE was performed in PhastGel® (8-25). Both gels were stained with Coomassie Blue. Gels were analyzed using the VDS-Pharmacia® device. Our results indicate that all analyzed venom samples showed different protein composition, although common protein fractions were detected in some individual samples. Differences were observed between the different individual venom samples and so in the same specimen in relation to the time of collection, for both techniques used. Diet did not influence the variability of venom composition. There is a significant difference in native venom protein composition of males and females

Estudo experimental sobre a intoxicação de Gallus gallus domesticus com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis. I -Efeito em aves na fase inicial de crescimentoExperimental study on the intoxication of Gallus gallus domesticus with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds. I -Effect in broiler during the initial fase of growing M ario Roberto HATAYDE1; A ngelo B R R C H IE R I-JU N IO R 2; A ntonio C arlos A L E SS I2; Sandra M ara C U R TA R ELLI3 RESUMOA Crotalaria spectabilis é uma leguminosa amplamente distribuída no Brasil, que pode ser utilizada como adubação verde. Suas sementes podem ser colhidas junto com o milho ou outros grãos quando invade plantações de cereais. Tendo-se em vista que o milho é um componente essencial da ração de aves de exploração comercial, representando aproximadamente 60% da ração pronta, o presente estudo avaliou a ação tóxica de sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis para aves de corte de linhagem comercial, durante os 28 primeiros dias de vida. Quatro grupos experimentais, subdivididos em grupos de machos e de fêmeas, foram tratados com ração inicial acrescida de sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis trituradas, nas proporções 0,0 (controle), 0,01%, 0,1% e 0,4%. As dietas contendo 0,4% e 0,1% provocaram quadro de intoxicação a partir do terceiro dia (0,4%) ou da segunda semana (0,1%) de vida, provocando sintomas tais como tristeza, apatia, aglomeração, penas arrepiadas, acentuada anorexia e abdômen abaulado. Houve evidente retardo de crescimento e alta mortalidade. Múltiplas lesões foram encontradas: ascite severa; degeneração, necrose, apoptose e proliferação conjuntiva hepáticas, com redução do tamanho do órgão; redução de tecido linfóide da bursa, com presença de células picnóticas; lesões degenerativas em rins; e calcificação intersticial pulmonar, entre outras. As aves controle e aquelas que receberam 0,01% de sementes não apresentaram alterações patológicas ou de desenvolvimento.