The aim of the present study was to evaluate white blood cell counts and serum protein profiles of commercial layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease caused by this bacterium. 180 five-day-old commercial layers were divided into 3 groups (G); G1 and G2 received 0.2 mL of inoculate containing 3.3x10(8) CFU or 3.3x10(5) CFU SG resistant to nalidix acid (Nal r)/mL, respectively, directly into their crops. G3 group did not receive the inoculum. Birds were sacrificed 24 hours before (T1) and 24 hours after the infection (T2), and three (T3), five (T4), seven (T5), and ten (T6) days after the administration of the inoculum. White blood cell counts were carried out in a Neubauer hemocytometer and in blood smears. Serum protein concentrations, including acute-phase proteins, were determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey's test (P <0.05). G1 and G2 groups presented higher leukocyte counts on T4 and T5, respectively, due to the increase of circulating lymphocytes and heterophils, with a significant difference relative to G3. In electrophoresis, an increase in the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin and a decrease in transferrin, which are acute-phase proteins, was verified. IgA serum levels did not change; however, IgG concentration increased during the infection. In conclusion, the results provide information for the better understanding of the pathophysiology of fowl typhoid
Estudo experimental sobre a intoxicação de Gallus gallus domesticus com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis. I -Efeito em aves na fase inicial de crescimentoExperimental study on the intoxication of Gallus gallus domesticus with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds. I -Effect in broiler during the initial fase of growing M ario Roberto HATAYDE1; A ngelo B R R C H IE R I-JU N IO R 2; A ntonio C arlos A L E SS I2; Sandra M ara C U R TA R ELLI3 RESUMOA Crotalaria spectabilis é uma leguminosa amplamente distribuída no Brasil, que pode ser utilizada como adubação verde. Suas sementes podem ser colhidas junto com o milho ou outros grãos quando invade plantações de cereais. Tendo-se em vista que o milho é um componente essencial da ração de aves de exploração comercial, representando aproximadamente 60% da ração pronta, o presente estudo avaliou a ação tóxica de sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis para aves de corte de linhagem comercial, durante os 28 primeiros dias de vida. Quatro grupos experimentais, subdivididos em grupos de machos e de fêmeas, foram tratados com ração inicial acrescida de sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis trituradas, nas proporções 0,0 (controle), 0,01%, 0,1% e 0,4%. As dietas contendo 0,4% e 0,1% provocaram quadro de intoxicação a partir do terceiro dia (0,4%) ou da segunda semana (0,1%) de vida, provocando sintomas tais como tristeza, apatia, aglomeração, penas arrepiadas, acentuada anorexia e abdômen abaulado. Houve evidente retardo de crescimento e alta mortalidade. Múltiplas lesões foram encontradas: ascite severa; degeneração, necrose, apoptose e proliferação conjuntiva hepáticas, com redução do tamanho do órgão; redução de tecido linfóide da bursa, com presença de células picnóticas; lesões degenerativas em rins; e calcificação intersticial pulmonar, entre outras. As aves controle e aquelas que receberam 0,01% de sementes não apresentaram alterações patológicas ou de desenvolvimento.
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