Interesting results have been obtained by exposing chromosomes to various chemicals and physical factors

In the laboratory breeding program of Epiricania melanoleuca (Fletcher), an ectoparasite of the sugarcane leafhopper Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker), output of total and viable eggs reached highest levels when a sex‐ratio of 1:1 was maintained by pairing 2 males with 2 females. The best suited age combination for the maximum yield of viable eggs from this parasite seemed to be one where a 4‐hour old male was paired with a newly emerged (<1‐hour old) female. Zusammenfassung Einfluß des Geschlechterverhältnisses und des Alters zum Zeitpunkt der Kopulation auf die Vermehrungsrate von Epiricania melanoleuca (Fletcher) (Lep., Epipyropidae) In Laborzuchten von Epiricania melanoleuca, ein Ektoparasit des Zuckerrohrschädlings Pyrilla perpusilla, war bei einem Geschlechterverhältnis von 1:1, d. h. 2 ♀:2 ♂ die Gesamtzahl abgelegter Eier und die Anzahl befruchteter, schlüpfbereiter Eier am größten. Die größte Ausbeute schlüpfbereiter Eier wurde erzielt, wenn 4 Stunden alte Männchen mit frisch geschlüpften (<1 h alt) Weibchen kopulierten.

This study investigated the hypothesis that acetaminophen at pharmacologically relevant concentrations may act as a protector against peroxynitrite toxicity. Our results showed that acetaminophen inhibited SIN-1 (a peroxynitrite generator)-induced DNA cleavage in a concentration-dependent manner in an in vitro model. With bicarbonate-enhanced luminol-dependent chemiluminometry, we further showed a nearly complete blockage of peroxynitrite-derived chemiluminescence by acetaminophen at 25-100 µM with minimal effects on SIN-1-mediated oxygen consumption, suggesting acetaminophen as a potent scavenger of peroxynitrite. Electron spin resonance spectrometry in combination with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO)-spin-trapping supported the ability of acetaminophen at high concentrations to diminish the production of a free radical species (likely hydroxyl radical) from SIN-1. Fenton chemistry-based DMPO-spin trapping further demonstrated the hydroxyl radical-scavenging capacity of acetaminophen. Collectively, the results of this study for the first time revealed the potential of acetaminophen to protect against peroxyitrite toxicity, which may have important implications in neuroprotection associated with the use of this popular analgesic and antipyretic drug.

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The systematic status of Helobiae of Engler and Prantl (1936) In such case of taxonomic disputes, cytological evidences often provide with a good indication of phylogenetic relationship. Several workers have no doubt tried to deal with the cytology of the different members