Appropriate size and location of distributed generation (DG) play a significant role in minimizing power losses in distribution systems. This paper represents techniques to minimize power losses in a distribution feeder by optimizing DG model in terms of size, location and operating point of DG. Sensitivity analysis for power losses in terms of DG size and DG operating point has been performed. The proposed sensitivity indices can indicate the changes in power losses with respect to DG current injection. The proposed techniques have been developed with considering load characteristics and representing loads with constant impedance and constant current models, separately. The optimal size and location of DG in a distribution feeder can be obtained through the developed techniques, with minimum effort. The proposed techniques have been tested on a practical long radial system and results are reported. Test results have proven that up to eighty-six percent of real power loss can be reduced with a DG of optimal size, located at optimal place in the feeder.
Intelligent systems can play an advisory role, suggesting the necessary actions which should be taken to clear emergency or abnormal conditions in a power system. This paper outlines some experience in the development and implementation of the intelligent knowledge based systems. The expert system for clearing overloads was developed using Leonardo expert system shell. The system applies the network sensitivity factors to determine appropriate actions which include generation rescheduling, line switching and load shedding, and the amount of the required corrections. The expert system for voltage control was developed based on VP-EXPERT shell. It detects voltage violations and provides a set of effective control actions to solve given voltage problems.
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