A review of air-cooling battery thermal management systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles

Zhao, Gang; Wang, Xiaolin; Negnevitsky, M; Zhang, Hengyun

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230001

Cited by 286 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Air cooling, as one of the traditional BTMS, is widely employed in commercial applications of EVs. [ 62 ] Compared with other cooling technologies, it exhibits the advantages of simple design, low maintaining cost, light weight, safety, and long‐life service. In the air cooling–based system, batteries are usually arranged in multiple rows, then air is driven by fins and circulated through the surface of battery to take away the accumulated heat.…”

Section: Traditional Battery Cooling Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Thermal Management Strategies for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A State‐of‐The‐Art Review

2022

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The performance of lithium‐ion batteries is quite dependent on temperature and a series of investigations on the battery thermal management system (BTMS) have been reported during the past decades. Herein, the recent developments of BTMS are thoroughly summarized. First, the thermal characteristics of the battery caused by different temperature conditions and temperature nonuniformity are described. Then, the thermal models, including electro‐thermal coupled model and electrochemical–thermal coupled model are briefly presented. Subsequently, various traditional strategies like air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM) cooling, and heat pipe cooling are elaborated. With the development of battery technology, BTMS based on a single strategy alone cannot meet the growth of thermal requirements, especially under dynamic and high‐power energy conditions. Hence, a hybrid BTMS that integrates two or more cooling strategies begins to be studied and provide a feasible solution for the problem. The related studies on hybrid BTMS are also systematically reviewed from the perspective of combinations, such as air–PCM, liquid–PCM, heat pipe–PCM, and other hybrid strategies. Besides, the current research on battery preheating strategies is also summarized. Finally, insufficient present studies are pointed out, aiming to provide comprehensive guidance toward the development of battery thermal management.

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Section: Traditional Battery Cooling Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Thermal Management Strategies for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A State‐of‐The‐Art Review

2022

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“…Air cooling systems are considered one of the most traditional, common, and widely embraced cooling strategies in industrial applications [25]. This is due to their simplicity in structure, flexibility in maintenance and packaging, water leakage avoidance, and low weight and power consumption [26]. However, the main concerning points are low cooling efficiency and nonuniform temperature distribution [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Performance Improvement for Different Strategies of Battery Thermal Management Systems Combined with Jute—A Comparison Study

Youssef

Hosen

et al. 2022

Energies

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Jute is a cheap, eco-friendly, widely available material well-known for its cooling properties. In electric vehicles (EVs), dissipating a huge amount of the heat generated from lithium-ion batteries with an efficient, light, and low-power consumption battery thermal management system (BTMS) is required. In our previous study, jute fibers were proposed and investigated as a novel medium to enhance the cooling efficiency of air-based battery thermal management systems. In this paper, as the first attempt, jute was integrated with a phase change material (PCM) passive cooling system, and the thermal performance of a 50 Ah prismatic battery was studied. Temperature evolution, uniformity, and cooling efficiency were investigated. A comparison between the thermal behavior of the air-based BTMS and PCM-assisted cooling system was performed. The results indicated that adding jute to the BTMS increased the cooling efficiency and especially decreased the temperature development. Furthermore, the temperature difference (ΔT) efficiency was enhanced by 60% when integrating jute with PCM, and temperature uniformity improved by 3% when integrating jute with air-based BTMS. This article compared the integration of jute with active cooling and passive cooling; thus, it shed light on the importance of jute as a novel, eco-friendly, lightweight, cheap, available, and nontoxic material added to two strategies of BTMS. The setup was physically made and experimentally studied for the purpose of BTMS optimization.

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“…Concerning air-cooling methods, ref. [23], Zhou et al [16] show the advantages of an air distribution pipe thermal manage system, and Xu et al [22] studied the optimization of the forced air cooling, testing the effects of different airflow duct modes; indeed, Xie et al [24] do so by modifying factors such as the air inlet-angle and the outlet-angle. There are also studies that propose a multi-parameter control strategy for air-based BTMSs [25] to monitor the state of health (SOH) of the battery and energy consumption in function of the temperature fluctuations and the air mass-flow rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management Systems: A Survey and New CFD Results

et al. 2021

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The environment has gained significant importance in recent years, and companies involved in several technology fields are moving in the direction of eco-friendly solutions. One of the most discussed topics in the automotive field is lithium-ion battery packs for electric vehicles and their battery thermal management systems (BTMSs). This work aims to show the most used lithium-ion battery pack cooling methods and technologies with best working temperature ranges together with the best performances. Different cooling methods are presented and discussed, with a focus on the comparison between air-cooling systems and liquid-cooling systems. In this context, a BTMS for cylindrical cells is presented, where the cells are arranged in staggered lines embedded in a solid structure and cooled through forced convection within channels. The thermal behavior of this BTMS is simulated by employing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The effect of the geometry of the BTMS on the cell temperature distribution is obtained. It is shown that the use of materials with additives for the solid structure enhances the performance of the system, giving lower temperatures to the cells. The system is tested with air-cooling and water-cooling, showing that the best performances are obtained with water-cooling in terms of cell packing density and lowest cell temperatures.

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A review of air-cooling battery thermal management systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles

Cited by 286 publications

References 163 publications

Recent Developments of Thermal Management Strategies for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A State‐of‐The‐Art Review

Recent Developments of Thermal Management Strategies for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A State‐of‐The‐Art Review

Thermal Performance Improvement for Different Strategies of Battery Thermal Management Systems Combined with Jute—A Comparison Study

Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management Systems: A Survey and New CFD Results

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