A I M : To i n v e s t i g a t e H + , K + -AT Pa s e i n h i b i t i o n ,anti-H pylori , antioxidant, and the in vivo antiulcer potential of a pectic polysaccharide from Swallow root (Decalepis hamiltonii ; SRPP).

Gastric ulcer is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, resulting from oxidative stress, Helicobacter pylori infection, up-regulation of proton potassium ATPase (PPA) activity, down-regulation of gastric mucosal defense, etc. In this paper it is reported that phenolic fractions of Curcuma amada, commonly known as mango ginger, acted as potent inhibitors of PPA and H. pylori growth. Mango ginger free phenolics (MGFP) and mango ginger bound phenolics (MGBP) inhibited PPA at IC50 values of 2.2 +/- 0.21 and 0.7 +/- 0.08 microg/mL, respectively, exhibiting 9-27-fold better potency over lansoprazole (IC(50) of 19.3 +/- 2.2 microg/mL). MGFP is constituted by caffeic (26%), gentisic (24%), ferulic (20%), gallic (10%), cinnamic (7%), and protocatechuic acids (7%) and MGBP by ferulic (47%), cinnamic (29%), p-coumaric acid (11%), and syringic (5%) acids as major phenolic acids. MGFP and MGBP further exhibited free radical scavenging (IC(50) of 2.2 +/- 0.17 and 4.2 +/- 0.36 microg/mL), reducing power abilities (193-104 units/g), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC(50) of 10.3 +/- 0.91 and 15.6 +/- 1.6 microg/mL), and DNA protection (80% at 4 microg), indicating strong antioxidative properties. MGFP and MGBP thus may be potential and inexpensive multistep blockers against ulcers.

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The present investigation was conducted with the objective of utilizing locally available organic resources for substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen partly and augmenting soil health.  The experiment was carried out for the crop kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.) in coastal Karnataka with eleven treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Vermicompost (VC), Poultry manure (PM) and Fish manure (FM) were used as organic nitrogen sources integrated with mineral nitrogen source of fertilizer urea at substitution ratios of  25, 50 and 100 percent. These treatments were compared with control and recommended dose of nitrogen. The results revealed that the substitution of 50 per cent of nitrogen through VC  recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher plant height  (92.27 cm), higher number of productive tillers (16.85 hill-1), higher grain yield (5434 kg ha-1) and straw yield ( 6817 kg ha-1) compared to control. The results of the soil sample analysis for soil fertility parameters indicated that the major nutrients were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by integrated nitrogen management.  The available nitrogen (382.36 kg ha-1) and available potassium (143.7 kg ha-1) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment T4 where a recommended dose of nitrogen was substituted by 50 percent VC compared to control (294.05 kg ha-1 and 92.31 kg ha-1 respectively). However, the available soil phosphorus was significantly higher with treatment 50 per cent  RDN substituted by PM  (78.83 kg ha-1) as compared to control (43.93 kg  ha-1).  Thus, integrated resource management improved crop yield and post-harvest soil fertility.

Field experiments were conducted during Kharif-2017 and 2018 at ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Mangaluru of coastal Karnataka to study the effect of integration of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen on the yield of midland rice. The results indicated that the integration of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes of rice. The highest grain yield (5434 and 5372 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6817 and 6927 kg ha-1) were recorded in the treatment comprising VC substituted with 50 percent recommended dose of nitrogen which was on par with PM substituted at 50 percent in both the years. A similar trend was also noticed in both the years for the growth and yield parameters where the highest plant height (94.93 and 96.30 cm) highest productive tillers (16.85 and 18.12) and longer panicle length (17.54 and 18.65 cm) was recorded in the treatment where 50 percent nitrogen was substituted by vermicompost compared to control. The remaining treatments of organic substitution ratios with urea also had a beneficial effect on yield and yield parameters of rice compared to control.