No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

4-Aminoquinoline including Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), amodiaquine (AQ), Chloroquine (CQ) are a quinoline with an amino group at the fourth position with a basic side chain. They are generally used as antimalarial medications. HCQ and CQ were recommended by the World Health Organization on March 2020 for use as a possible treatment to coronavirus. Long-term administration of 4-aminoquinoline drugs can be associated with toxic side-effects on the outer retina and the retinal pigment epithelium, making their determination in biological samples important. Several methods have been used for 4-Aminoquinoline compounds analysis, such as spectrophotometry, immunological, electrophoresis, chromatography, and electroanalytical methods. Electrochemical methods are preferable because they are simple, providing quick analysis and more sensitive performance. Until now, numerous electrochemical methods have been used to detect these drugs. Nevertheless, the utilization of later techniques is limited. This review describes different electrochemical sensors which are used for 4-aminoquinoline electroanalysis in complex matrices such as pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. For this, the fundamental analytical performance of the chosen sensors is investigated. The selectivity and oxidation mechanisms for 4-aminoquinoline reported in the literature were discussed. Also, the application of these sensors for 4-aminoquinoline monitoring in biological and environmental samples is reported.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract