In Bangladesh, veterinarians often claim to reduce the mortality of natural peste des petits ruminants (PPR) outbreaks with the help of supportive fluid and electrolyte therapy. Information on haematological and biochemical parameters of PPR-infected goats, which is often altered because of associated tissue damages, is necessary to formulate the appropriate supportive therapy. This study determined the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Black Bengal goats naturally infected with PPR virus. Blood and serum samples from 13 PPR-affected Black Bengal goats from 13 field outbreaks and 5 healthy goats were collected and analysed by routine haematological and biochemical examination. Haematological analysis of PRR-affected goats showed severe anaemia characterised by significant decrease in the values of haemoglobin, total erythrocyte counts (TECs) and packed cell volume (PCV). On the contrary, PPR-affected goats showed marked leucocytosis with absolute increase in lymphocytes and neutrophils counts compared to the healthy goats. Biochemical analysis revealed significant decrease in total protein and albumin level and increased creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase that mirrored the gross and histopathological changes in the PPR-affected goats. Significant increase in the values of sodium and chloride ions was found in the sera of PPR-infected goats. Peste des petits ruminants virus altered the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of the infected goats. Antidiarrheal agents with aqua solution together with other drugs to support liver and kidney function could help improve therapy of PPR-infected goats.
Background: Specialized freeze-drying process is being used in the field for different thermostable vaccine preparation worldwide. The thermostability remains only in undiluted conditions. If dilution is made at the morning and used for the whole day, the vaccine efficacy is compromised at high ambient temperature. In this study, trehalose based specialized vaccine diluent was used to improve the stability of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine in diluted condition. Methods: The available PPR vaccine was reconstituted with conventional diluent and with trehalose based test diluent. The diluted vaccine was kept at ambient temperature without maintaining any cool chain. Stability of diluted vaccine virus was further assessed in vivo and in vitro at different temperatures. Goats were vaccinated and Vero cells were infected with reconstituted vaccines and were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 24 hours post dilution. Antibody titer was measured and virus infectivity titer was determined in both cultured cell lysate and supernatant. The presence of the virus particles in Vero cell was confirmed by standard RT-PCR targeting Fusion (F) gene of PPR virus. Results: In vivo results revealed that the number of goats possessed antibodies to PPR virus was higher in trehalose based vaccine formulation than the conventional PBS based diluent. Reconstituted vaccine virus (using PBS and trehalose diluent) infected Vero cells produced 70-80% cytopathic effect (CPE) in 5th days of post infection. Both diluents produced and maintained infectivity titer from log10 TCID50 5.5 to log10 TCID50 3.6, until the use of vaccines incubated for 9 hours after dilution. On the other hand, at 24 hours of post dilution only trehalose formulated vaccine produced log10 TCID502.5 whereas no infectivity titer was observed at the same time using conventional one. Conclusion: The present study suggests that trehalose preserves the quality of reconstituted vaccine in terms of infectivity titers. Trehalose can be a diluent of choice for reconstitution of PPR vaccine in field.
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