Peste des petits ruminants virus infection of Black Bengal goats showed altered haematological and serum biochemical profiles

Abstract

In Bangladesh, veterinarians often claim to reduce the mortality of natural peste des petits ruminants (PPR) outbreaks with the help of supportive fluid and electrolyte therapy. Information on haematological and biochemical parameters of PPR-infected goats, which is often altered because of associated tissue damages, is necessary to formulate the appropriate supportive therapy. This study determined the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Black Bengal goats naturally infected with PPR virus. Blood and serum samples from 13 PPR-affected Black Bengal goats from 13 field outbreaks and 5 healthy goats were collected and analysed by routine haematological and biochemical examination. Haematological analysis of PRR-affected goats showed severe anaemia characterised by significant decrease in the values of haemoglobin, total erythrocyte counts (TECs) and packed cell volume (PCV). On the contrary, PPR-affected goats showed marked leucocytosis with absolute increase in lymphocytes and neutrophils counts compared to the healthy goats. Biochemical analysis revealed significant decrease in total protein and albumin level and increased creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase that mirrored the gross and histopathological changes in the PPR-affected goats. Significant increase in the values of sodium and chloride ions was found in the sera of PPR-infected goats. Peste des petits ruminants virus altered the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of the infected goats. Antidiarrheal agents with aqua solution together with other drugs to support liver and kidney function could help improve therapy of PPR-infected goats.

Sequential haematological and serum biochemical changes in Black Bengal goats infected with a local isolate of peste des petits ruminants virus from Bangladesh

“…Experimental PPR infection induced early fever in Black Bengal goats starting at 4 dpi which became severe during 9–13 dpi with dyspnoea, cheilitis, stomatitis and gingivitis leading to reduced feed intake. The significant rise in body temperature together with respiratory distress in PPR‐infected goats were also found in several recent studies (Begum et al., 2018; Chowdhury et al., 2014; Truong et al., 2014; Ugochukwu et al., 2018). However, during the advanced stage of the disease (>14 dpi), diarrhoea was prominent in the infected goats leading to dehydration, hypothermia and death.…”

“…Few studies also reported an elevation in the amount of total erythrocyte number and haemoglobin concentration in goats died of natural PPR outbreaks which could be due to diarrhoea leading to dehydration and haemoconcentration (Islam et al., 2018; Kataria et al., 2007). Analysis of leukocyte counts showed a significant decrease in the number of total leukocytes at 14 and 18 dpi in infected goats which was marked by lymphopenia at 18 dpi similar to what has been shown in natural PPR outbreaks (Begum et al., 2018; Islam et al., 2018; Kataria et al., 2007). Such reduction in leukocyte counts could be due to initial proliferation of the virus in lymphoid organs followed by destruction of the lymphocytes as the virus has an affinity to lymphocytes (Aruni et al., 1998), as well as bone marrow suppression (Obi & Oduye, 1985).…”

“…However, we found a comparable number of total erythrocytes and haemoglobin concentrations in both infected and control goats throughout the experimental period. Such variation could be due to good management, routine deworming and good nutritional status of the animals in the present experimental study (Begum et al., 2018; Sharma et al., 2012). Few studies also reported an elevation in the amount of total erythrocyte number and haemoglobin concentration in goats died of natural PPR outbreaks which could be due to diarrhoea leading to dehydration and haemoconcentration (Islam et al., 2018; Kataria et al., 2007).…”

“…The majority of the study describing natural PPR outbreaks in goats showed severe anaemia attributed to massive haemorrhages in different visceral organs and disseminated intravascular clot (Begum et al., 2018; Das et al., 2015; Sahinduran et al., 2012; Sharma et al., 2012). However, we found a comparable number of total erythrocytes and haemoglobin concentrations in both infected and control goats throughout the experimental period.…”

“…The first outbreak of PPR in Bangladesh was reported in 1993 (Islam et al., 2001). Since then, outbreaks of PPR have regularly been reported across the country (Begum et al., 2018; Bhuiyan et al., 2014; Chowdhury et al., 2014; Rahman et al., 2011, 2016). Provision of inadequate veterinary services combined with poor diagnostic facilities stalled the successful PPR control programme (Haider et al., 2017).…”