No abstract

This study was showed that different measurements of the shell and buccal mass (jaw and radula) of the gastropod genus Monacha sp.Which collected from five districts of Sharkia Governorate with different shell diameters included 10-10.9, 11-11.9, 12-12.9 , 13-13.9 and 14-14.9 mm. The snails with shell diameters 10-10.9, 11-11.9 and 12-12.9 mm were glassy color in all districts, while snails with shell diameters 13-13.9 and 14-14.9 mm were chalky color. Jaw was found crescent shape , pale to dark brown in color , transversely ribbed , number of ribs differed from shell diameter to another with general mean values

The efficacy of Tukam® and VP Skud® compounds were tested as repellents against wild birds attacking wheat and cowpea fields in Sharkia Governorate. In the wheat crop experiment, the house sparrow Passer domesticus niloticus attacked the spikes with the highest percentage of damage (14.82%) in the control trial, during the 6 th week when spikes emergence. While damage percentages were 11.19, 9.22, 8.94 and 8.73% when applying Tukam® concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 ml/liter, respectively during the same period in the treatment trials. The highest protection percentage was obtained in the 4 th week with 15, 10, 5 and 2.5 ml/liter, respectively. The same trend was found with VP Skud®, since the highest percentages of damage were 10.07%, 9.16%, 8.08% and 6.20% in the 6 th week with the four concentrations 1, 2, 4 and 6 ml/liter, respectively. While the protection percentage were the highest during the 4 th week with concentrations of 6, 4, 2 and 1 ml/liter, respectively. In the cowpea experiment, pigeon (Cloumba sp.) attacked the pods and caused high percentage of damage reached 13.32 % in the 5 th week of the control trial. When spraying Tukam® at a concentration of 15.0 ml/liter, the damage was dropped considerably as compared with other concentrations or control after pollination. The decrease in damage was found to be 2.11, 3.88, 4.74 and 7.38%, after the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th week, respectively. The highest protection percentage was recorded with the concentration of 15 ml/liter. The same trend was recorded with VP Skud®. It gave the lowest percentage of damage at the concentration of 6 ml/liter with values of 1.97, 3.21, 5.67 and 10.56%, during the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th week after pollination, respectively. Protection percentage reached its maximum during the study period with the concentration of 6 ml/liter.

This study was conducted on the land snail Monacha cartusiana to determine the influence of four different degrees of temperature (18, 20, 22 and 24 0 C) treated with four levels of soil moisture (25,50,75 and 100% field capacity) on egg hatching and developmental period and to define the activity of snails during aestivation and food consumption under the effect of seven temperature degree ranges (5,10,15, 20, 25,30 and 35 0 C) under laboratory conditions. The present data revealed that the optimum temperature (22 0 C) for the highest percent of egg hatching was (78 and 76%) treated with 75 and 100% of soil field capacity and the shortest incubation and hatching period were 4.6 and 0.8 days at 24 0 C with 75% soil moisture and at 20 0 C with 50% soil moisture, respectively. Food intake by M. cartusiana on cabbage leaves was directly related to temperature and the land snail sizes. Feeding was maximal at 20 and 35 0 C for juveniles (8-9, 10-11mm) and at 5 and 35 0 C for all sizes of adults. All juveniles sizes showed higher food intake rate (general mean,31.14mg) than the adult sizes (general mean,30.20mg), as it increased by increasing only the shell size of all juveniles indicated by the general mean which could be arranged in an ascending order as follows, 29.03, 31.04 and 33.37 mg for the size of (8-9), (9-10) and (10-11 mm), respectively, during three days. When the aestivated snails were exposed to serial levels of temperature degrees (starting from 10 to 40 0 C,15 to 40 0 C, 20 to 40 0 C, 25 to 40 0 C and 30 to 40 0 C), were more active (19.2, 50, 17.2, and 3.6%) at temperature 25 0 C and became less active with increasing temperature (0.4, 6.4, 7.6, 5.6 and 4%) at 40 0 C. By the end of the experiment, all the aestivated snails become epiphragmed and only died when exposed suddenly to a lower temperature, while it still alive when exposed to higher temperature.

No abstract

Recently the land snails become one of key pests infesting field, vegetable, fruit and ornamental crops in Egypt, especially in northern Governorates of Delta region. The land snails were follow inspected attacking various crops causing which have great direct damage to all plant parts by chisels the epidermis and chewing soft of vegetative growth, flower, roots and tubers or indirect damage by left viscous liquids upon the plants, causing humans and farm animals refuse eating these plants ARTICLE INFO