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The results of a chromosome survey of 3993 liveborn infants, the majority of which have been studied using G-banding, are reported. The frequency of all types of chromosome abnormalities detected was similar to that found in previous newborn surveys, which were carried out on different socio-economic structure, but the incidence of aneuploid chromosome abnormalities was comparable in the two localities.

The incidence of the various classes of C-band and Q-band polymorphisms on ten pairs of chromosomes in the human complement have been investigated in three Scottish populations, two from the mainland (newborn and 14 year olds) and one, of individuals over 65 years, from an island in the Outer Hebrides. Although there is an overall similarity between the populations, there are some differences, especially with the island group. For all populations, over 90% of the C-band size variants fall within the medium class. Rather more variation is found in the Q-band intensity polymorphisms: the island population appears to have fewer Brilliant and Intense variants than do the other two groups, 2-9 per person as compared to 4-2 and 3-9 for the newborn and 14 year olds respectively; this may be an age difference rather than a population difference.

Chromosome analyses of bone marrow cells prepared by the direct method were carried out on 32 male patients, who had no primary haematological disease. One patient was found to have a pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome, which was also present in a skin fibroblast culture and in a lymphocyte culture. Three cases were found to have a high percentage of bone marrow cells with a 45,X chromosome constitution and one case had a 45,X?Yor Gcell line. The high degree ofaneuploidy was not found on examination of cells from leucocyte cultures. This observation is discussed in relation with other similar findings in patients with haematological diseases. The remaining 27 patients had a normal male karyo-

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