The research was aimed at evaluating sweet cherry forms on a complex of economically valuable traits and the allocation of promising genotypes for further use in breeding and production. The forms of sweet cherries grow in Michurinsk city of Tambov region. The study of frost resistance was carried out in laboratory conditions. Annual branches were frosted for 12 hours at -32°C and -35°C. Reproductive buds in all studied forms were characterized by reversible damage (less than 3 points) at temperature regime -32°C and complete death at -35°C. 10-117 form was characterized by -35°C frost resistance in the middle of winter, in which the freezing degree of annual branches tissues and vegetative buds did not exceed 2 points. Over the years of research, elites 4/8-24, 10-115, 7-38, 10-117, 6-87, 4/9-15, 7-5 possessed resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis (the damage degree not more than 2 points). The highest yield (9.75-9.84 t/ha) on average over three years was shown by forms 4/8-24, 7-38, 7-5. Yield at the control level was noted in forms 6-87, 4/9-15, 10-115. Elite forms 4/9-15, 7-38 were characterized by the largest mass of fruits, significantly exceeding the control variety. The average weight amounted to 7.3 and 7.2 g, and the maximum was 9.4 and 8.4 g respectively. Forms 4/8-24, 4/9-15, 7-38 combined the dessert taste of fruits (tasting assessment of 4.6-4.8 points), very juicy and dense pulp.
The article presents long-term (2003-2016) data on the study of the adapted potential of small fruit plant varieties based on the parameters of endophytic and epiphytic microbiota. The general condition of plants was assessed. Various varieties of red currant, black currant, gooseberry, strawberry were tested for the presence of endophytic microbiota. Samples of washouts from the surface of leaves of healthy plants were taken. It was found that both endophytic and epiphytic microbiota include bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, fungi (from the genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium). It was found that the parameters of endophytic microbiota clearly refl ect the state of plants. Longterm studies have shown that the endophytic microbiota is an parameter of the state of the plant organism and is an important criteria for assessing the adaptive ability of plants. In plants with a high level of adaptation, there is an increase in the frequency of testing for a bacterium that suppresses the growth of dangerous fungal pathogens in pure form and as part of a mixed infection, as well as a low percentage of negative tests. Varieties of red currant, black currant, gooseberry, strawberry with a high level of adaptation are identified. These varieties are of practical interest, both for the breeding process and for production.
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