Исследовано современное состояние популяций основных промысловых видов бычковых рыб в Шаболатском лимане. Установлено, что после экологической катастрофы 1992 г. и последующего периода ограниченной связи лимана с морем его экологическое состояние ухудшилось, что отразилось на популяционных характеристиках кругляка и травника. Вместе с тем полученные характеристики бычков свидетельствуют о том, что их популяция в лимане в последние годы постепенно восстанавливается, а еѐ состояние значительно улучшилось Ключевые слова: бычки кругляк, травник, популяционные характеристики, современное состояние, экологическая катастрофа Рекомендовано до публікації д-р c.-г. наук, професор Шекк П. В.
The development of open spaces and resources of the Black Sea is one of the main directions of the Black Sea region (the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions). The essence of the region policy allows to cooperate with the most countries of the world community and brings an income both to the budget of the regions and to the state budget. Industrial fisheries is an extractive branch of the fishing industry that uses the natural resources of the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, reservoirs: various species of fish, marine mammals, shellfish, crustaceans and aquatic vegetation. Fisheries can be considered as one type of nature using which consists in the extraction of fish and other sea products (fish, invertebrates, algae, etc.). The purpose of the work was to find out a current state of fishing and extracting the living aquatic resources in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions. An assessment of a current state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions for the period from 2010 to 2018, was carried out on the basis of specialized literature. The state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies from 2010 to 2018; the amount of caught fish in this region; the state of fisheries of the studied region were investigated. Fish farming is a branch of the national economy that is engaged in farming, increasing and improving a quality of the fish stocks in the water bodies and filling the fish resources. In order to maintain and increase the stocks of valuable industrial fish in our country the extensive measures for artificial fish farming, improving the conditions of natural reproduction of fish, as well as the development of lake and pond fisheries for the commercial fish production are being taken. Much work is being done to acclimatize valuable industrial fish species and other fishing objects, aimed at expanding a fish species composition and increasing the fish stocks. It was found that according to the statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the analysis of the exraction of fish and aquatic biological resources in the Black Sea region (Odesa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions) showed that an increase in the volume of fish catching and extracting the living aquatic resources occurred only due to inland waters.
The fishing industry is an important component of the economy of Ukraine at the present stage of development. The development and implementation of the innovative technologies in fish farming and fish processing require mandatory and ongoing analysis of a fish market infrastructure. The demand for food protein, which is characterized by a balanced amino acid content is provided by fish and seafood at 20–30 %. The aim of this work was to understand a current state of a fish products market in Ukraine, its pricing and consumption. Based on the specialized literature the evaluation of a current state of fish and fish products consumption in Ukraine and own studies of the price category of fish products in Ukraine in recent years were conducted. We studied fish and fish products consumption per year per capita in Ukraine over the last 20 years, assortment of fish in Ukraine, the import of fish and fishery products by species, the product prices in UAH per kg both in previous years and today. According to international medical standards the annual consumption of fish and seafood should be 20 kg per person. At the same time in Ukraine according to the State Statistics Committee on the 01.01.2019 14.5 kg of fish and seafood came out per capita. In 2018–2019 herring traditionally remained a leader of consumption in Ukraine. Ukraine also imported such species of fish: mackerel, hake, herring, salmon, pilchards, pollack, capelin, sardines, notating. In addition pangasius, shrimp, blue whiting, mussels, squid, saury, Jack mackerel, sea bass, tuna, flounder, anchovies, smelt, cod, salmon and other species of fish, caviar and seafood are imported in Ukraine. The investigated assortment of fish in Ukraine is represented both domestic and imported products. The domestic production are: carp, pike, capelin, herring, mackerel, sprat, the imported products are: flounder, perch, pangasius, salmon, butter, hake, Pollock, capelin, nototenia, herring, mackerel, cod, tuna, tilapia (sole), sea trout, whiting and so forth. It is established that the condition of a fish market in Ukraine is affected by an unstable economic and political situation in the country, low solvency of the population, corruption and the high payables of the enterprises. In Ukraine a tendency towards a decrease in the volume of fish and fish products consumption by the population of Ukraine is observed annually, which is a consequence of the decline in fish catch and fish production, depreciation of fixed assets and a lack of financial support to the fishing industry.
The Odessa region is very rich in various water bodies and according to the natural and climatic conditions of the territory, they all are suitable for fish production. Commercial fish production on the basis of pond farms of different purposes is a promising area in fish farming. Its value in the agricultural sector of the country is increasing steadily. Modern fisheries in the most small water bodies do not take into account the productive capabilities of these bodies. The gap between the possible and actual fish productivity magnitudes is large enough and reaches one or two orders of magnitude, indicating significant reserves which rational using will improve the fishery efficiency. In this case, the main increase in production can be obtained by optimizing the use of natural feed resources, i.e. using grazing aquaculture. It is difficult to overestimate the value of the natural feed base for aquaculture. In complex water bodies it is a necessary part of a fish ration, which largely determines a success of fishing. A pond natural feed base includes a complex of hydrobionts that are used for feeding directly or through intermediate food units and determines increasing in fish products. In this case, a natural feed base is divided into a potential base, which includes the whole complex of aquatic organisms inhabiting the water body, and a real base, i.e. a part of a potential forage base, which is consumed by a certain fish species at this age stage. The purpose of the work was to find out the fish productivity of the Yaski fishery in order to create a special commercial fishery. In this work, the possibility of efficient fishery management and obtaining the commercial fish products in the Yaski fishery and their further sale to the population is proved and the recommendations for the creation of a special commercial fishery are given.
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