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How to cite this paper: Mustafayev M. G.

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The issues related the results of investigations on irrigation of saline lands with collector-drainage water activated in the magnetic field, salinization at the depth of one meter till and after washing soil with sweet water, ion content of toxic salt, dynamics of mineralization degree of ground and drainage water in test and control variants are being analyzed in the article. It is determined that, collector-drainage water activated in the magnetic field, could be used for removing toxic salt in the lands with high water permeability in Mughan steppe. Giving washing water for flushing below the rate for 2-3 times could save sweet water resources.

Water-physical properties of the soil are not constant, they often are changed under the influence of natural conditions and agrotechnical measures. Studies show that water-physical properties directly affect the life and growth of plants. In this regard, the main tasks are to study the changes in water and physical properties of the soil under various crops in irrigated areas and to develop the systems of agromeliorative measures. As a result of researches the water-physical properties of irrigated meadow-gray soils of the experimental site at the Salyan plain were studied: physical clay – 48.2...56.79%, density of solid phase – 2.62...2.73 g/cm3, density of dry soil – 1.22...1.46 g/cm3, total moisture capacity – 31.86...43.80%, soil porosity – 46.52...53.44 %, CaCO3 –11.11...14.96%, pH – 8.2...8.6, SO4 in gypsum – 0.077...0.899%, the ratio of absorbed bases – 12.27...15.96 milligram equivalents. Researched soils have a weak and medium degree of water permeability (Kt = 5.51...8.83 cm/h the Kostyakov equation). The traditional and modern methods of irrigation (furrowing, sprinkling, drip, etc.), application of fertilizers (organic, mineral and micro fertilizers, local fertilizers, silt deposits of river waters, etc.) are recommend as agrotechnical measures in accordance with preliminary study of ratio of salts in soil.

Kazakhstan currently faced with a serious deterioration in the state of natural resources and the environment in all the most important environmental indicators. Almost a third of the agricultural land is now degraded or is seriously threatened, and more than 10 million hectares of potentially arable land in the past has been abandoned. The article presents the results of research to improve the well-being of reclamation of soils of southern Kazakhstan. The studies were conducted in the field and in the lysimeters, with laying of experiments on the introduction of phosphogypsum and deep loosening. The results showed that the most promising is the option with the introduction of 5...7 t/ha of phosphogypsum and deep loosening in which the reduced alkalinity of soils, it improves soil alkalinity magnesium that is reduced magnesium content in the soil, increases the content of non-toxic salts and productivity of legumes. Soil application of phosphogypsum at the rate of 5 t/ha increase the calcium cations in the rooting zone of soils. On one of the variants of the experience as a result of using phosphogypsum norm 5 t/ha calcium content increased on 4.67 times. On option, where they grow soybeans, the calcium content amounted to 0.046 %. The introduction of phosphogypsum reduces the alkalinity of soils and reduces the amount of magnesium and increases the content of non-toxic salts СаЅО4, increases the yield of leguminous and cereal crops. Soybean yield in the control variant was 11.27 kg/ha. Soil application of phosphogypsum at the rate of 5 t/ha increased its yield is 31.4% compared to the control variant, the variant with deep loosening – 15.1 %. In the variant where the soil amended phosphogypsum and the deep tillage, soybean yields by 34.1 % higher than the control variant. Therefore, the proposed techniques improve the soil of magnesium solontsovaya the South of Kazakhstan are promising.

The problems of the nutrient balance study under vineyards in the light-chestnut soils of Ganja-Gazakh of Azerbaijan are examined. 3,84kg/h of N/NH 3 ; 0,99kg/h of N/nO 3 P 2 O 5 of 1,16kg/h penetrate into the soil with the atmosphere precipitations, but 1,73; 1,55; 1,05; 21,69kg/h with the irrigative waters. A total annual nitrogen-6,87-7,29%, phosphorus-0,59-0,79%, potassium-3,92-7,29% were leached from the scattered fertilizer into lizimeters. While a weight of the dry mass and a total quantity of the nutrient increase, an outlet with the annual trimming materials and crops has raised. It is established that a balance of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium under all the versions of the experiment is positive. The balance under a control version where deficit of the nutrient is negative. At an application of fertilizer under the version of N 90 P 120 K 120 the balance forms for nitrogen +41, 8-(+44,6); phosphorus +102,2-(+110,1), potassium +81,1-(+85,6) kg/h.

Purpose: to study the impact of ameliorant and leaching on the properties of saline and alkaline soils in laboratory conditions. Materials and methods. Research work was carried out on the basis of currently known methods, widely used in the territory of the republic. The experimental experiment was carried out in four variants: 1) soil leaching with plain water; 2) soil leaching using 5 t/ha ameliorant; 3) soil leaching with application of 10 t/ha ameliorant; 4) soil leaching with application of 15 t/ha ameliorant. In all cases, the soil was washed with a norm of 15 thousand cubic m/ha. Experimental soil leaching under laboratory conditions was carried out in 5-fold repetition in special vessels in the following sequence. The air-dry soil was ground and sifted through a sieve with a hole diameter of 1 mm, the calculated amount of ameliorants was added to the soil and thoroughly mixed. The reclaimed soil was filled in special vessels with perforated bottom. By lightly tapping on the vessel, soil compaction was achieved up to 1.4 g/cubic cm, which was determined by the weight of the soil. A constant water layer of 5 cm was maintained above the soil in the vessel during the leaching period. Results. When conducting a laboratory experiment, it was revealed that when washing with ordinary water at a rate of 15 thousand cubic m/ha without ameliorant, the salt content decreased by 42 % in relative terms (from 2.188 to 1.265 %), alkalinity decreased by 7 % (from 12.24 to 11.34 % in terms of exchangeable sodium). The best option is leaching with a ameliorant + 15 t/ha, in which the total salt content decreased by 76 % (from 2.188 to 0.530 %), and solonetzization – by 73 % (from 12.24 to 3.35 %). Conclusions. The ameliorant is convenient to apply and creates conditions for desalinization and alkalinity reduction.