Technological methods of improvement of degraded soils under the sowing of legumes and groat cultures of the South Kazakhstan

Abstract

Kazakhstan currently faced with a serious deterioration in the state of natural resources and the environment in all the most important environmental indicators. Almost a third of the agricultural land is now degraded or is seriously threatened, and more than 10 million hectares of potentially arable land in the past has been abandoned. The article presents the results of research to improve the well-being of reclamation of soils of southern Kazakhstan. The studies were conducted in the field and in the lysimeters, with laying of experiments on the introduction of phosphogypsum and deep loosening. The results showed that the most promising is the option with the introduction of 5...7 t/ha of phosphogypsum and deep loosening in which the reduced alkalinity of soils, it improves soil alkalinity magnesium that is reduced magnesium content in the soil, increases the content of non-toxic salts and productivity of legumes. Soil application of phosphogypsum at the rate of 5 t/ha increase the calcium cations in the rooting zone of soils. On one of the variants of the experience as a result of using phosphogypsum norm 5 t/ha calcium content increased on 4.67 times. On option, where they grow soybeans, the calcium content amounted to 0.046 %. The introduction of phosphogypsum reduces the alkalinity of soils and reduces the amount of magnesium and increases the content of non-toxic salts СаЅО4, increases the yield of leguminous and cereal crops. Soybean yield in the control variant was 11.27 kg/ha. Soil application of phosphogypsum at the rate of 5 t/ha increased its yield is 31.4% compared to the control variant, the variant with deep loosening – 15.1 %. In the variant where the soil amended phosphogypsum and the deep tillage, soybean yields by 34.1 % higher than the control variant. Therefore, the proposed techniques improve the soil of magnesium solontsovaya the South of Kazakhstan are promising.