No abstract

Two field experiments were conducted at Private Farm in Wadi Al-Natroun Distrect, Beheira Governorate, Egypt during Winter seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, to study the effect of some natural foliar applications, i.e., fulvic acid (20 ml/l), effective microorganisms (5 ml/l),yeast extract (25 ml/l), humic acid (2 g/l), brassinolide (5 mg/l) and chitosan (200 mg/l) on vegetative growth, pod yield and quality of snow pea cultivar "Snow Wind" and sugar snap pea cultivar "Sugar Snap". The results showed that Sugar Snap cultivar surpassed Snow Wind cultivar in all studied traits, except for number of pods/plant, pod length, pod diameter and protein content. However, all studied natural substances significantly increased vegetative growth, pod yield and pod quality compared with control in both seasons. Foliar applications can be arranged in decreasing order as follows: fulvic acid > effective microorganisms > humic acid > yeast extract > brassinolide > chitosan.

Two field experiments were conducted at Private Farm in EL-Salheya, SharKia Governorate, Egypt during winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of plant density and some foliar applications, i.e., moringa leaf extract (MLE), chitosan at 150 ppm and silicon at 200 ppm on vegetative growth, pod yield and quality of snow pea cultivars, i.e. "Compados and Snow Wind" and sugar snap pea cultivar "Sugar Snap". The results showed that Compados cultivar had more leaves and branches, longest plant height, heaviest fresh and dry weight, largest leaf area, and gave the highest pod length and pod yield (ton/fed.) compared with other cultivars in the two seasons. Whereas, the least one was Sugar Snap cultivar in both seasons. Moreover, Sugar Snap cultivar was the highest in pod thickness, total soluble solids (TSS) and carbohydrates (%) and the lowest in titrable acidity (%) in both seasons. While, Snow Wind was the superior in vitamin C (mg/100g fw) in both seasons. Meanwhile, plant density (20 cm apart) gave the highest plants and total pod yield/fed. compare with other densities (40 and 60 cm) at the two seasons whereas, (60 cm apart) gave the highest values in all studied parameters except plant height and total pod yield/fed followed by (40 cm apart plants) in both seasons. All foliar applications significantly increased all the studied parameters compared to the control treatment. The superior application was moringa leaf extract (MLE) followed by chitosan and silicon in both seasons, respectively. From the obtained results it could be concluded that Compados cultivar was the highest pod yield/plant, and total yield/fed. when cultivated on 20 cm apart, meanwhile Sugar Snap cultivar gave the best pod quality when cultivated on 60 cm apart and sprayed with moringa leaf extract three times, i.e., 15 days after planting then repeated each 15 days interval, respectively.

University during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons to study the impact of some organic fertilizers (poultry, cattle , sheep manures) and mineral fertilizers under, traditional pest control (TPC) and integrated pest management (IPM) on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato cv. Rawan F1. The results indicated that mineral fertilization significantly surpassed organic manures in all vegetative growth characters and yield and its components. Whilst organic manure treatments significantly increased fruit contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, vitamin C, licobin, total soluble solids and total sugars compared to chemical fertilization in both seasons. TPC followed by IPM treatment exhibited best results for all studied characters compared to control, except number of fruits/plant, unmarketable yield and fruit content of carotenoid, total phenol, total flavonoid, water content and acidity. The differences between TPC and IPM programs were insignificant for yield and its components. Furthermore, the interaction between chemical fertilization and traditional program gave highest growth and yield parameters, while the interaction between poultry manure and traditional program gave fruits had higher chemical content compared to other interactions. Based on results, it could be recommended that fertilized tomato plants with mineral treatment (NPK) under IPM gave the best yield and the highest reduction percentage of infested leaflets with T. absoluta larvae and adult moths/trap/ day, although TPC gave a slight insignificant increment in tomato yield, while soil application of composted poultry manure before tomato planting by 10.76 ton/fed. under TPC improved the quality of tomato fruits.

Physico-chemical properties of camel milk The titratable acidity of the collected milk was determined according to the standard methods described by 11 Official methods of analysis. The pH, dry matter, fat content, ash, total solids (T.S), solids not fat (S.N.F), lactose and protein of milk samples were measured using Lacto scan (MCCW Milk Analyzer, 8900 Nova Zagora, Bulgaria using). The percentage of moisture was also calculated by subtracting total solids (T.S) % from 100. 11 Microbiological analysis Milk samples were subjected to microbiological examination to

Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soil has become a major serious concern. The development of suitable control and remediation strategies for heavy metal contaminated soil has become critical. The outdoor pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar, zeolite, and mycorrhiza on the bioavailability reduction of heavy metals and its subsequent effects on soil properties and bioaccumulation in plants as well as the growth of cowpea grown in highly polluted soil. Zeolite, biochar, mycorrhiza, zeolite with mycorrhiza, biochar with mycorrhiza, and soil without any modifications were the six treatments used. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design and four replications. The results indicated that the combination of biochar with mycorrhiza had the highest values of root and shoot dry weight and the lowest heavy metal concentrations in root and shoot as well as bioconcentration and translocation factors for all heavy metals. The highest significant reductions in the availability of heavy metals over the control were found with biochar with mycorrhiza, which were 59.1%, 44.3%, 38.0%, 69.7%, 77.8%, 77.2% and 73.6% for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. The application of biochar and zeolite either alone or in combination with mycorrhiza increased significantly soil pH and EC compared to mycorrhiza treatment and untreated soil. It can be concluded that the combination of biochar and mycorrhizal inoculation has great potential as a cost-effective and environmentally technique for enhancing heavy metal immobilization, lowering heavy metal availability and plant uptake, and improving cowpea plant growth.

Two field experiments were carried out at a private farm, El-Taweila Village, near El-Mansoura City, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the two summer seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. The study aims to investigate the role of seaweed extract at 0.5 g/L, bacterial mixture of Bacillus paramycoides and Azotobacter nigricans at 1 cm 3 /L and potassium phosphite at 2.5 cm 3 /L individual or in combination as foliar applications on vegetative growth, tuber yield and tuber quality of potato cv. Kara. The obtained results showed that all studied treatments increased vegetative growth (plant height, leaves number per plant, stolons number per plant and fresh and dry weight per plant) and tuber yield (tuber weight, tuber dry matter, tubers number per plant and tuber yield per fed) as well as improved tuber quality (N, P, K, starch and carbohydrates percentages) compared to control. The results suggested spraying potato plants with seaweed at 0.5 g/L, the bacterial mixture of Bacillus paramycoides and Azotobacter nigricans at 1 cm 3 /L and potassium phosphite at 2.5 cm 3 /L to improve the vegetative growth and increase the tuber yield and quality under similar conditions of the study.