Recent efforts to expand markets for winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the mid‐Atlantic have focused on hulless types due to higher energy density. The exposed endosperm of hulless barley makes damage more likely than with hulled barley, and emergence is typically lower. Information to determine the optimum seeding rate for winter hulless barley is presently unavailable. Experiments were conducted over six site‐years in Virginia to evaluate seeding rate effects on grain yield and yield components of six hulless and three hulled barley lines. Seeding rates ranged from 278 to 742 viable seeds m−2. At similar seeding rates, final plant stands for hulless lines were 75% of that for hulled varieties. At equivalent plant density of 320 plants m−2, average grain yield for hulled lines was 6000 kg ha−1 and 4500 kg ha−1 for hulless lines. Yield of the best hulless barley line was 80% that of the hulled lines. A large portion of this is attributable to lower individual kernel weight, due to the absence of the hull weight. Hulless barley lines also had 5% fewer heads per square meter and 29% fewer grains per head. Seeding rates for hulless barley in a conventional, tilled seedbed should be at least 400 seeds m−2 to approach optimum yields. These results also support the conclusion that seeding at 480 to 520 seeds m−2 is appropriate for sites with high yield (5000 kg ha−1) potential.

‘Jamestown’ (Reg. No. CV‐1041, PI 653731) soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in March 2007. Jamestown was derived from the cross ‘Roane’/Pioneer Brand ‘2691’ and was tested under the experimental number VA02W‐370. Jamestown is an early heading, awned, short‐stature, semidwarf (Rht2) cultivar possessing resistance to the predominant insect and disease pests in the eastern soft wheat region. Jamestown most notably has resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.), and Fusarium head blight [caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)]. In USDA–ARS Uniform Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery Trials conducted at 27 locations in 2005 and at 26 locations in 2006, Jamestown produced average grain yields of 5496 and 5563 kg ha−1, respectively, compared with nursery mean yields of 4959 kg ha−1 in 2005 and 4878 kg ha−1 in 2006. Milling and baking quality of Jamestown exceeds that of ‘USG 3209’. On an Allis Chalmers Mill, Jamestown has higher break flour yield (305 vs. 283 g kg−1), softer flour texture (softness equivalent score 57.4 vs. 54.1 g 100 g−1), lower sucrose solvent retention capacity (93.8 vs. 104 g 100 g−1), and larger cookie diameters (17.0 vs. 16.8 cm).

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Registration of 'Oklee' Wheat relatively early maturing and produces spikes 1.3 d earlier 'Oklee' is a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) than 2375 and 0.6 d earlier than Oxen (PI 596770), the most (Reg. no. CV-963, PI 634553) developed and released by the widely grown cultivar in Minnesota since the late 1990s. Oklee Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation is a semidwarf cultivar and averages 75 cm, the same height with USDA-ARS in January 2003. It was named after a town as Oxen, and is 3 cm shorter than 2375 in Minnesota trials. in its region of adaptation in northwest Minnesota. Oklee was In 35 Minnesota trials conducted from 1998 through 2002, released on the basis of its high grain yield, high grain volume Oklee yielded 3664 kg ha Ϫ1 compared to 3482 kg ha Ϫ1 for weight, high grain protein content, and early maturity. In addi-2375 and 3825 kg ha Ϫ1 for Oxen. Oklee was evaluated in tion, Oklee has moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight 29 environments in the Uniform Regional Hard Red Spring (FHB, caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). Wheat Nursery in 1998 and 1999 and yielded an average of Oklee was derived from the cross '2375'/SBF0670, made 3456 kg ha Ϫ1 compared to an average of 3470 and 3503 kg by the former Pioneer Hi-Bred spring wheat breeding program ha Ϫ1 produced by the check cultivars, 2375 and Verde (PI in the USA. The cultivar 2375 (PI 601477, syn. Pioneer 2375) 592561, Busch et al., 1996), respectively. Oklee has moderately has the pedigree Olaf//Era/Suqamuxi 68/3/Chris/ND487//Lark strong straw and a lodging rating of 2.3 when scored on a and was widely grown in Minnesota during the mid-1990s due scale of 0 (erect) to 9 (lodged) in 21 environments at which to its moderate resistance to FHB. SBF0670 is an unreleased lodging occurred from 1998 thru 2002. By comparison, the line whose pedigree contains hard red spring lines once promicultivars 2375, Oxen, and Verde had lodging ratings of 3.5, nent in the region including 'Chris' (CItr 13751, Heiner and 2.6, and 2.1, respectively. Johnston, 1967), 'Era' (CItr 13986, Heiner and McVey, 1971), Oklee has moderate resistance to FHB in misted, inoculated and 'Butte'. field nurseries, similar to the resistance of 2375. In 11 FHB The F 2 population producing Oklee was selected for leaf nurseries from 1998 through 2001, Oklee averaged 23.6% disrust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stem rust (caused eased spikelets, 16.7% visually scabby kernels (VSK), and by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers.) resistance in a field planting 8.8 mg kg Ϫ1 of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The at St. Paul in 1993. The F 3 generation was advanced by single cultivar 2375 averaged 22.7% diseased spikelets, 17.5% VSK, seed descent in a greenhouse. The selection resulting in Oklee and 9.8 mg kg Ϫ1 DON. In the same trials, the resistant check was selected from a single plant in an F 4 headrow in 1994 and 'BacUp' (PI 596533, Busch et al., 1998) and the susceptible this seed was increased in a winter nursery in Arizona during check ...

Hilliard' (Reg. no. CV-1163, PI 676271), a soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and tested as VA11W-108 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in March 2015. Hilliard was derived from the cross '25R47'/'Jamestown'. Hilliard is widely adapted, from Texas to Ontario, Abbreviations: FHB, Fusarium head blight; SRW, soft red winter.

‘Vision 30’ (Reg. No. CV‐1062, PI 661153) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and tested as VA06HRW‐49 and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in March 2010. Vision 30 was derived from the cross 92PAN1#33/VA97W‐414. Vision 30 is high yielding, awned, and semidwarf (Rht2) and has midseason spike emergence and resistance to powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC) E.O. Speer]. In Virginia, the average grain yield (2007–2009) of Vision 30 (5301 kg ha−1) was similar to that of the soft red winter wheat check cultivar Renwood 3260 (5536 kg ha−1). Vision 30 was evaluated in the 2008 and 2009 USDA‐ARS Uniform Bread Wheat Nursery and produced mean yields (4992 and 4690 kg ha−1) that were similar (P ≤ 0.05) to those of the highest‐yielding HRW wheat entry. In comparison with the hard wheat cultivar ‘Lakin’, Vision 30 has acceptable end‐use quality on the basis of flour yield (69.9 versus 70.3 g 100 g−1), flour protein (10.7 versus 9.5 g 100 g−1), flour water absorption (59.8 versus 59.1 g 100 g−1), dough mixing tolerance (3.3 versus 2.3), pup‐loaf volume (812 versus 803 cm3), and crumb grain scores (3.3 versus 3.7).