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SUMMARY The sodium intake of preschool children in their home environment was investigated and the major sources of sodium other than added table salt identified. Thirty five children from a Southampton general practice were studied. Twenty four hour urinary sodium excretion was measured as a reliable indicator of daily total sodium intake. The daily intake of sodium other than that from added table salt, and of potassium and other nutrients, was also calculated from three day dietary diaries collected using the household measures method. Median excretion of sodium was 62 mmolI24h (range 28-105, 28 urine collections) and of potassium was 25 mmol/ 24 h (range 14-46). The sodium:potassium ratio was 2-7 (1.4-5.2). From the diaries, the average daily intake of sodium was 68 mmol (32-98) and of potassium was 47 mmol , and the sodium:potassium ratio was 1-4 (0-5-2.7) (median and ranges, 35 children). Foods contributing more than 30 mmol sodium to one day's intake were mainly processed convenience foods.

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Physicochemical characteristics of the interstitial fluid of the sediment of the intertidal and subtidal zones of the Andoni flats were studied. The results for the interstitial fluid showed low dissolved oxygen levels (0.1 -1.3mg/l), high temperature values (26.2 -32.4°C), wide salinity range (8 -21ppt) and near neutral pH (6.26 -7.76) across stations. Sampling duration was from January 1999 to December 2000 covering both wet season (AprilOctober) and dry season (November -March). The implications of the effects of fluctuating environmental variables on in-fauna inhabiting sediment are discussed. @JASEMIn recent times studies on the water quality of estuaries and coastal systems in Nigeria have received some level of increasing attention (Akpan and

Serum prolactin levels were elevated in male Sprague-Dawley rats with acute renal failure induced by glycerol administration. Specific prolactin binding to kidney membrane preparations was reduced in glycerol and antirat glomerular basement membrane serum-treated rats, after morphological and biochemical acute renal failure was evident. Extensive tubular damage after glycerol administration may account for loss of renal binding, since prolactin receptors are mainly tubular in localization. However, the predominant glomerulopathy, with less severe tubular lesions, after antirat glomerular basement membrane serum suggests that reduced renal prolactin binding in these animals is unlikely to be due to tubular destruction alone. Thus, alterations in prolactin status occur with development of experimentally induced acute renal failure and suggest altered renal responsiveness to prolactin in uraemia.

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The abundance of Pellonula leonensis in relation to location, photoperiod, depth, tide, season and gill net selectivity was studied from May 2001 to April, 2002 in the Lower Nun River, Niger Delta. Three sets of gill net with stretched mesh sizes of 8, 12 and 15 mm respectively were used each measuring 35 m in length and 3 m in depth having a surface area of 105 m 2. Abundance was least in September and highest in February and P. leonensis was more dominant in the convex area of the river and lowest in the concave section. There was no significant variation (P > 0.05) in abundance of P. leonensis with photoperiod, water depth, tide and season. There was gillnet selectivity with the medium mesh size (12 mm) gill net as more effective constituting 68.77% of the total catch of P. leonensis in the Lower Nun River.