The sodium and potassium intake of 3 to 5 year olds.

Abstract

SUMMARY The sodium intake of preschool children in their home environment was investigated and the major sources of sodium other than added table salt identified. Thirty five children from a Southampton general practice were studied. Twenty four hour urinary sodium excretion was measured as a reliable indicator of daily total sodium intake. The daily intake of sodium other than that from added table salt, and of potassium and other nutrients, was also calculated from three day dietary diaries collected using the household measures method. Median excretion of sodium was 62 mmolI24h (range 28-105, 28 urine collections) and of potassium was 25 mmol/ 24 h (range 14-46). The sodium:potassium ratio was 2-7 (1.4-5.2). From the diaries, the average daily intake of sodium was 68 mmol (32-98) and of potassium was 47 mmol , and the sodium:potassium ratio was 1-4 (0-5-2.7) (median and ranges, 35 children). Foods contributing more than 30 mmol sodium to one day's intake were mainly processed convenience foods.

Dietary sources and correlates of sodium and potassium intakes in the French general population

“…The main contributors to sodium and potassium intakes were essentially the same in adults and children. Breads, soups, cooked pork meats, convenience foods, pastries and sugary products were the major sources of sodium whereas vegetables, dairy products, meats and fruits were the major providers of potassium, similarly to what has been described in other industrialized populations (Allison and Walker, 1986;Witschi et al, 1987;Arbeit et al, 1992;Beer-Borst et al, 2009). When considering the sodium/potassium intake ratio, and apart from seasonings and dressings that have a very Table 3 Associations of sodium and potassium intakes and of their ratio with biological and socio-demographic characteristics of participants…”

Potassium urinary excretion and dietary intake: a cross-sectional analysis in 8–10 year-old children

“…The mean K + excretion in the present study was 1681 mg/day. According to our best knowledge, only two studies [ 5 , 14 ] addressed the K + urinary excretion in school children, although none had studied children from the age range of the present study. Kristbjornsdottir et al examined six year-old children and reported excretion of about 1210 mg/day [ 5 ] while Allison et al who studied 3–5 years-old children showed a K + excretion of 1000 mg/day [ 14 ].…”

“…High blood pressure (BP) or hypertension [ 10 , 11 ] is a major risk for cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure [ 3 ], and are of increasing concern in children and adolescents [ 12 ]. Primary hypertension probably has its onset in the first decades of life [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Association between 24-hour urine sodium and potassium excretion and diet quality in six-year-old children: a cross sectional study

“…Few studies exist on K excretion but two studies examined 8–9 year old children and reported excretion of about 1.80 g/24h [28] and 2.00 g/24h (0.07 g/kg/24h) [30]. Another study on 3–5 year old children showed K excretion of 1.00 g/24h or 0.05 g/kg/24h [27]. It is often challenging to compare values from studies on children, mainly due to the different ages and body weights of the young subjects.…”