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Aim:Tropical theileriosis is fatal hemoprotozoal disease of dairy animals caused by Theileria annulata. The aim of the present study was to detect the T. annulata and comparison of results of molecular and microscopic techniques.Materials and Methods:A total of 52 blood samples were collected from the cattle suspected for theileriosis across the Banaskantha district. All the samples were screened for theileriosis using Giemsa’s staining technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results:Total of 17 (32.69%) and 24 (46.15%) samples were found positive for theileriosis by microscopic examination and PCR test, respectively. It revealed that the study area is endemic for theileriosis, and the microscopic technique has 70.83% sensitivity and 100% specificity with respect to PCR technique.Conclusion:It may be concluded from the present study that the PCR is comparatively sensitive technique than microscopic examination and may be recommended to use in the field for screening of theileriosis in the study area, where a high prevalence of diseases have been reported due to intensive dairy farming.

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes severe disease in sheep, which is transmitted by insect vector belonging to Culicoides spp. It is particularly a viral disease of sheep, occasionally affecting cattle, buffaloes, goats, camels and other wild ruminants. Out of 377 (364-blood, 5-spleen and 8-pooled Culicoides) samples 110 (29.18%) and 28 (7.42%) were found positive for BTV antigen by s-ELISA and BT-AGID respectively. Species wise incidence by s-ELISA recorded was 48.20 per cent in sheep, 57.14 per cent in goats and 2.60 per cent in cattle however, none of the blood sample found positive from buffalo and camel. Species wise incidence by BT-AGID recorded was 12.23 per cent in sheep and 15.71 per cent in goats however, none of the blood sample found positive for BTV antigen from cattle, buffalo and camel. Higher incidence seen in goats by both the test. s-ELISA proved to be the most sensitive in detecting BTV antigen than BT-AGID. Considering s-ELISA as the reference test, the relative sensitivity, specificity and overall agreement between both the tests were 25.45 per cent, 100 per cent and 78.24 per cent respectively.

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| Brucellosis is an important zoonosis and a significant cause of reproductive losses in animals. To ascertain the serological status of the disease, a total of 1373 samples were screened for the presence of Brucella antibodies by RBPT and i-ELISA. Overall seroprevalence recorded in sheep was 6.84% (94 samples out of 1373) and 4.80% (66 out of 1373) by RBPT and i-ELISA respectively. Clinical status wise seroprevalence was recorded in heifer 4.65% and 6.97%, clinically healthy animals 2.62% and 1.79%,animals with the history of abortion 16.58% and 13.98%, hygroma 27.27% and 18.18%,pregnant 4.59% and 2.29%, non-pregnant 6.80% and 4.18%, status unknown 10.78% and 6.86%, still birth 17.64% and 5.88%, retention of placenta 20.00% and 20.00%,orchitis16.12% and 9.67% respectively by RBPT and i-ELISA, respectively. Breedwise highest seroprevalence was recorded in Patanwadi 7.82% and 5.99% followed by Marwadi 6.35% and 4.16%,Magra 3.84% and 1.28%, Avikalin 4.76% and 0.00%and Chokhla 1.78% and 0.00%by RBPT and i-ELISA, respectively. Present study revealed that the Patanwadi breed of the sheep is relatively more susceptible and high rate of seroprevalence was observed from the animals having history of abortion, retention of placenta and hygroma.