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The purpose of the study is to assess through a FEM (Finite Element Method analysis), the behavior of a complex structure (enamel-tooth-alveolar bone-periodontal ligament-pulp), subjected to an external load through an orthodontic bracket-with forces of various intensities and to determine its influence on the entire structure.It is necessary to analyze the way all elements of the structure take over the external action given by the action of an orthodontic appliance through the brackets and the influence on the inner component -the pulp-inside of which there are the nerve endings.

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Introduction. Clinicians claim that the prevalence of hypodontia has skyrocketed in recent years. However, there is no clear evidence whether it is really a change in dentition in Homo Sapiens or a purely hypothetical observation, due to the advanced modern technology used in the diagnosis of dento-maxillary anomalies. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and distribution of nonsyndromic hypodontia in young patients from the South-East Transylvanian region of Romania. Material and methods. A number of 325 dental charts were selected. The patients who needed orthodontic treatment were treated in the Pedodontics Department and Orthodontic Department of UMFST “George Emil Palade“ Targu Mures and two private dental offices during 2017-2019. The age of the patients was between 12 and 25 at the moment when the clinical and paraclinical examination were performed. Results. From a total number of 275 cases investigated, 78 patients were diagnosed with hypodontia in permanent dentition, not taking into consideration the third molars. Hypodontia’s prevalence is 6.47% for patients which seek orthodontic treatment, without taking into consideration the third molars. This value is found in the range of 2.8%-11.3% reported in studies in the literature. The present study showed that hypodontia affects a greater proportion of females (6.83%) than males (5.74%), without statistically significant differences. Conclusions. The prevalence of non-syndromic hypodontia in permanent dentition, compared to the total number of patients who requested orthodontic treatment, is 6.47%, being higher than the data reported in the literature of our country, but falls within the range reported in the international literature in general.

Tempting and disturbing by its purpose to correct dental malocclusions, but also asymmetries facial expressions, to shape smiles and to improve the quality of life, orthodontics has experienced a permanent dynamics in recent decades both by improving the means of diagnosis (digitization) as well as the introduction of increasingly high-performance materials: hybrid springs, mini-implants etc. An important diagnostic element in Orthodontics is photography made from the front and profile, which is also a forensic document, on which a series of angular and linear parameters are analyzed at the beginning and end of the treatment. Orthodontic diagnostic pictures are a non-invasive method of diagnosis and are made in the natural position of the head NHP, which is a standardized, reproducible position of the head in space where the subject is looking at a distant point of the eye level. The angular and metric values on the photo or teleradiography of the face/profile are essential elements in both establishing a diagnosis and the treatment plan that will aim to achieve a balanced face and a harmonious profile. These values can be transferred to the computer, and with the help of specialized software will be analyzed and interpreted for each clinical case. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of four angles that define the facial profile in a group of 30 patients (15 females and 15 males) patients aged 18-24 years with Angle I class malocclusions and bone growth finished. The values were measured on the profile photograph (after tracing the anthropometric points with an eye pencil) and statistically evaluated for both sexes, and the photos were scanned and important in the DSD software so that the same angles can be evaluated digitally. Digital orthodontics tends to take up more and more space in the assessment of an orthodontic case. In orthodontic treatments, the thickness of the soft parts that can compensate for an unsightly profile of the bone relief is taken into account.