This prospective longitudinal study investigated the epidemiology of enteric disease associated with infections in calves aging up to 70 days. A total of 850 fecal samples were collected from 67 calves. Seventeen isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered from feces of 11 calves (16.4%), and statistical analysis revealed no association between the presence of Salmonella spp. and clinical signs of diarrhea or age. Virulence factors of Escherichia coli were identified in 103 strains: eae (7), K99/STa (7), Stx1 (7), Stx1/eae (36), Stx1/Stx2/eae (2), Stx2 (43), and Stx2/eae (1). There was statistical association between diarrheic animals carrying E. coli Stx1/eae (+) in their feces at 2 and 4 weeks of age (P = 0.003) and E. coli Stx2 (+) at 5 weeks of age (P = 0.03). Rotavirus was detected in 49 (5.76%) fecal samples collected from 33 calves (49.2%). The presence of rotavirus was correlated with diarrheic feces (P < 0.0001) rather than feces with normal consistency. There was a significant relationship between age group and diarrhea (P = 0.001). Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) was detected in 93 fecal samples collected from 46 calves (68.6%). There was an association (P < 0.0001) between diarrheic animals positive for BCoV and age groups. The results demonstrate the importance of the pathogens studied in the etiology of diarrhea in calves.

RESUMO O conhecimento sobre a fisiologia e regulação dos eletrólitos e do equilíbrio ácido-base é necessário, pois a saúde do animal depende diretamente da composição normal dos fluídos nos diversos compartimentos corporais. Esta INTRODUÇÃOA manutenção da homeostase é diretamente dependente do equilíbrio dinâmico que há entre os líquidos corporais, pH e eletrólitos (CUNNINGHAM, 2004). Nos mamíferos, os líquidos e eletrólitos estão distribuídos em, basicamente, dois compartimentos: intracelular (LIC) e o extracelular (LEC). A dinâmica de distribuição dos líquidos e eletrólitos que compõem o organismo dos mamíferos, como a manutenção em termos de volume e composição, é essencial para processos metabólicos fundamentais à vida. Já o pH destes líquidos atua na manutenção estrutural e funcional de proteínas, enzimas e organelas celulares (CONSTABLE, 1999;KASARI, 1999;CUNNINGHAM, 2004).Na medicina veterinária, todas as enfermidades que cursam com desidratação, (diarreias, hemoparasitoses, broncopneumonias, deslocamento de abomaso, endotoxemias, retenção dos anexos fetais, entre outros) causam paralelamente alterações no equilíbrio ácido-base e eletrolítico e, embora seja comum a ocorrência destas enfermidades nas propriedades rurais, o tratamento quase nunca é adequado, pois a administração de antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios não corrige os distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido-base, -REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA -

Rabies is an acute, progressive, and fatal encephalomyelitis caused by a Lyssavirus. Horses affected by the disease may be a source of infection for humans. A rapid diagnosis is crucial to initiate a prompt and adequate infection control and public health measures. This manuscript reports the case of a 4-year-old gelding, 370 kg, healthy and routinely used for veterinary teaching purposes that developed rabies although vaccinated against it. Clinical signs included lameness, ataxia, muscle tremors, decubitus and pedalling, progressive paralysis, profuse salivation, teeth grinding, and whinnying. After 4 days, the animal was euthanised and definitive diagnosis was achieved through an animal inoculation test which was positive. Complementary findings included encephalomyelitis with perivascular cuffs and identification of Negri bodies in various areas of the brain.

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited a rounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by dense clusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.