Rabies in a previously vaccinated horse: case report

Coelho, Clarisse Simões; Sodré, Ticiane d’El Rei Passos; Freitas, M. D.; Moroz, Ludmila Rodrigues; Nunes, Talyta Lins; Peixoto, Tiago da Cunha; Leal, Paula V.

doi:10.21708/avb.2022.16.2.10310

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although all ten had protective antibody titers before and after vaccination, the magnitude of the rise in antibody titer varies considerably between horses, with two horses showing no elevation in antibody levels following booster vaccination. The presence of poor responders poses a risk of infection and clinical disease for these horses, as demonstrated by several case reports of clinical rabies in vaccinated horses [ 23 , 24 ]. In addition to the fatal consequence for these horses, they also pose a potential risk to humans in their surroundings [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Anti-Rabies Antibody Response in Horses Following Vaccination

Tirosh-Levy,

Shaiman Barom,

Novak

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease affecting all mammalian species. It is caused by the rabies virus and is prevalent worldwide. Horses are not commonly infected with rabies but their vaccination is recommended due to the potential zoonotic risk. This study aimed to evaluate the duration of immunity following rabies vaccination in horses. A total of 126 serum samples were collected from 93 horses, vaccinated 6 to 91 months before sampling. Rabies-virus-neutralizing antibody (RVNA) levels were evaluated using the Rabies Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). A protective RVNA titer of above 0.5 IU/mL was found in 112 (88.9%) of the samples and 84 (90.3%) of the horses. Antibody titers declined over time (rho = −0.271, p = 0.002); however, there was no significant difference in antibody titers or the prevalence of unprotected horses between the time intervals following vaccination. Purebred horses had lower antibody titers (p = 0.024). The response to booster vaccination was inspected in ten horses, and increased antibody titers were found in eight of them. The results of this study demonstrate the prolonged persistence of protective immunity in horses following rabies vaccination, in some cases, for up to eight years. Therefore, the current annual vaccination strategy should be re-evaluated. A rate of 9.7% of poor responders should be considered from an epidemiological perspective in order to minimize the risk of emergence of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Anti-Rabies Antibody Response in Horses Following Vaccination

Tirosh-Levy,

Shaiman Barom,

Novak

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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“…É importante ressaltar que o animal desse estudo havia recebido uma única dose da vacina de raiva. Casos de raiva têm sido descritos em animais que receberam apenas uma única dose da vacina (COELHO et al, 2022;LIMA et al, 2005). A imunidade protetora contra a raiva nos animais é complexa e títulos elevados de anticorpos sozinhos nem sempre se correlacionam diretamente com proteção absoluta contra infecções letais (COELHO et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Casos de raiva têm sido descritos em animais que receberam apenas uma única dose da vacina (COELHO et al, 2022;LIMA et al, 2005). A imunidade protetora contra a raiva nos animais é complexa e títulos elevados de anticorpos sozinhos nem sempre se correlacionam diretamente com proteção absoluta contra infecções letais (COELHO et al, 2022). Além disso, os títulos antirrábicos gerados por uma única dose da vacina em equinos foram menores que 0,5 UI após 8 semanas da Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.6, n.2, p. 1297-1306, abr./jun., 2023 vacinação em um estudo sobre o efeito da idade nos títulos de anticorpos séricos após a vacinação antirrábica e influenza em cavalos saudáveis (MUIRHEAD et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Raiva equina na região do Vale do Rio Doce/MG – relato de caso

da Silva,

Delapicula,

Bins

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Anim. Environ. Res.

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A raiva é uma enfermidade zoonótica causada por um vírus envelopado da família Rhabdoviridae, responsável por alterações neurológicas progressivas e fatais. A transmissão se dá pela exposição à saliva de animais infectados. O diagnóstico oficial de raiva é feito pela técnica de imunofluorescência direta. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever um caso de raiva em um equino na região do Vale do Rio Doce/MG abordando seus aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos. Foi atendido um equino, fêmea, Manga Larga Marchador, de um ano e meio de idade, proveniente do município de Resplendor/MG, Vale do Rio Doce, com decúbito lateral, sudorese intensa, nistagmo e movimentos de pedalagem há dois dias. Devido a uma queda. O animal morreu e o sistema nervoso central foi retirado e encaminhado pare análise. Histologicamente observou-se encefalite não supurativa sugestiva de raiva. No teste de imunofluorescência direta, houve detecção de antígenos virais de raiva, confirmando o diagnóstico definitivo da doença nesse equino. É importante ressaltar que esse cavalo havia recebido uma única dose da vacina de raiva. Entretanto, casos de raiva têm sido descritos em animais que receberam apenas uma única dose da vacina. Além disso, este caso ocorreu na região do vale do Rio Doce, no estado de Minas Gerais. Esse estado é considerado endêmico para raiva. Tem sido mencionado que a manutenção da doença nesta região está associada a introdução de animais domésticos, o desmatamento do bioma Mata Atlântica e a urbanização das áreas rurais. Chama a atenção, que recentemente nessa mesma região (Vale do Rio Doce) foi noticiado um caso de raiva humana transmitida por herbívoro.

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“…However, Rahman et al, (2015) identied meningeal congestion and cerebellar hemorrhage as gross pathological ndings (Figure 1). In comparison, Coelho et al, (2022) identi ed hemorrhage in the white matter of the spinal cord.…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Study : Histopathology Analysis of Rabies Disease (2014 - 2022)

Andadari,

Pratama,

Hardian

et al. 2024

J. Appl. Vet. Sci. Technol

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Background: Rabies is a contagious and zoonotic disease caused by Lyssavirus, a neurotropic, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Rabies infects most mammals through the transmission of saliva from a rabid animal that enters the body of a healthy animal through an open wound, bite, scratch, or direct contact. A post-mortem diagnosis and evaluation are crucial for establishing regional statistical data in order to design a robust strategy for combating rabies. Histopathology has long been known to be an invaluable source of information regarding the destructive impact of rabies in nervous tissue. In addition to other ante-mortem evaluations, a correlation between clinical signs, gross pathological findings, and histopathological findings must be established to achieve the maximum target of combating rabies. Purpose: This study aims to analyze and compare gross pathological findings and histopathological findings in the literature published between 2014 and 2022. Methods: A comparison between gross pathological findings and histopathological findings was conducted on case studies from 2014 to 2022. Anamnesis and clinical signs were obtained as supporting data. The findings were presented as percentage to identify the predominant pathological signs. Results: A review of four case studies revealed that paralysis, hyperesthesia, gait abnormality, and muscle tremor were the most commonly observed signs (50%). Only two case studies revealed gross pathological findings, including meningeal congestion and cerebellar hemorrhage. Eight studies identified the intracytoplasmic negri body in Purkinje cells as the most commonly observed histopathological finding (100%). Conclusion: The primary clinical signs and gross pathological findings associated with rabies are typically regarded as non-specific. Histopathology revealed the intracytoplasmic Negri body in Purkinje cells as the most commonly observed finding (100%).

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Rabies in a previously vaccinated horse: case report

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Persistence of Anti-Rabies Antibody Response in Horses Following Vaccination

Persistence of Anti-Rabies Antibody Response in Horses Following Vaccination

Raiva equina na região do Vale do Rio Doce/MG – relato de caso

Literature Study : Histopathology Analysis of Rabies Disease (2014 - 2022)

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