The southern region of Indonesia is one of the places where tropical cyclones grow in the southern hemisphere. During 1983-2017 there were 51 tropical cyclones occurring in the region. This study aims to understand the characteristic of tropical cyclones in southern Indonesia and their variations, both spatially and temporally, and their effect on extreme rain events in Indonesia. Historical data analysis results show that tropical cyclones in southern Indonesia generally occur in November-April with a lifetime of 7-8 days. The result of data analysis shows that the central pressure value of tropical cyclone in latitude 0°-10°S is more than 960 hPa. The value tends to be higher than the central value pressure of tropical cyclone in latitude 10°S-20°S, which has the range of values about 920-960 hPa. This study also explains that there are 9 tropical cyclones in 35 years back that grow or move closer to the Indonesian archipelago in latitude 0°-10°S. The event of tropical cyclone Dahlia at the end of 2017 also affect the enormously increase of rainfall in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta region with the increase of rain reaches 750% from the historical average.
IntisariKebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan bencana yang rutin terjadi di Indonesia. Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan menjadi wilayah yang paling sering dilanda kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Munculnya titik api di wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan mempunyai pola tersendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara spasial-temporal konsentrasi titik api di wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan serta korelasinya dengan curah hujan. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data titik api yang bersumber dari hasil perekaman citra MODIS (Satelit Terra & Aqua) tahun 2006-2015, didapatkan bahwa kerapatan titik api di Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan akan mencapai puncaknya pada bulan September. Wilayah yang memiliki konsentrasi titik api paling tinggi adalah Provinsi Riau dan Sumatera Selatan di Pulau Sumatera serta Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan Kalimantan Barat di Pulau Kalimantan. Hasil pengolahan data curah hujan bulanan juga menunjukkan bahwa pada bulan September curah hujan di Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan mencapai nilai terendah dalam satu tahun, yaitu 25-150 mm/bulan. Selain itu, korelasi antara jumlah titik api dan curah hujan menunjukkan nilai korelasi yang cukup (R = 0,307) dengan pola hubungan yang negatif. Hasil pengolahan terhadap data historis titik api ini bisa menjadi acuan dalam kesiapan penanggulangan bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang sering terjadi di Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan. AbstractForest fire is one of disasters that occur regularly in Indonesia. Sumatera and Borneo are regions with the most frequently hit by forest fires disaster through years. The emergence of hotspots in Sumatera and Borneo have it own patterns. This study aimed to figure hotspot density in Sumatera and Borneo spatial-temporally and their correlation with rainfall. Based on the results of data processing hotspots sourced from recording of MODIS satellite (Terra and Aqua) 2006 - 2015, it was found that the density of hotspots in Sumatra and Kalimantan will reach its peak in September. Riau and South Sumatera Province are the regions that has highest concentration of hotspots in Sumatera island, meanwhile Central Borneo and West Borneo Province become the regions that has highest concentration of hotspots in Borneo island. The processing of monthly rainfall data also shown that in September rainfall in Sumatra and Kalimantan reach its lowest level in a year, which is 25 - 150 mm/month. In addition, hotspot density and rainfall are correlated enough (R = 0,307). The results of the processing of historical hotspots data in this paper could become a reference for forest fires disaster management that often happens in Sumatera and Borneo.
IntisariPermasalahan sumberdaya air dari hari ke hari semakin memburuk, baik kualitas maupun kuantitas air. DAS sebagai wadah dari berbagai komponen biosfer yang saling berinteraksi memegang peranan yang penting dalam siklus hidrologi dan fungsi penyediaan air. Berbagai macam model hidrologi telah dikembangkan, Model-model tersebut bisa digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan sumberdaya air tersebut. Salah satu model yang bisa digunakan adalah model rasional yang terdapat dalam Waterhsed Modeling System (WMS). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan ekstraksi karakteristik DAS dan mengestimasi nilai debit puncak DAS Ciliwung Hulu berdasarkan nilai curah hujan beberapa kala ulang dengan menggunakan Watershed Modelling System. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa karakteristik DAS yang dapat diekstraksi dengan menggunakan WMS adalah luas DAS, panjang sungai utama, kemiringan DAS, dan kemiringan aliran sungai. Nilai koefisien aliran permukaan DAS Ciliwung Hulu adalah sebesar 0,72. Nilai intensitas hujan untuk kala ulang 2 tahun sebesar 117 mm/jam, kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 135 mm/jam, kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 143 mm/jam, kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 152 mm/jam, kala ulang 50 tahun sebesar 157 mm/jam, dan kala ulang 100 tahun sebesar 162 mm/jam. Untuk nilai estimasi debit puncak di DAS Ciliwung Hulu, untuk kala ulang 2 tahun sebesar 735, 588 m 3 /detik, untuk kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 852,713 m 3 /detik, untuk kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 904,363 m 3 /detik, untuk kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 959,448 m 3 /detik, untuk kala ulang 50 tahun sebesar 992,448 m 3 /detik dan untuk kala ulang 100 tahun sebesar 1.023,313 m 3 /detik. Abstract Water resources problems are getting worse from by the day, both the quality and quantity of water. Watershed as a container of various components of the interacting biosphere is playing an important role in the hydrological cycle and water supply functions. Various kinds of hydrological models have been developed. The models can be used to help solving the water resources problems. One of models that can be used are contained in Watershed Modeling System (WMS) is Rational Method. The purpose of this study was to perform the extraction of watershed characteristics and estimate the peak discharge in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed based on the value of rainfall in some return period by using the Watershed Modeling System. The results of study show that the characteristics of the watershed that can be extracted by using WMS are watershed area, main stream length, the slope of the watershed, and the slope of the river. Runoff coefficient value of Ciliwung Hulu Watershed is 0,72. Rainfall intensity value for 2-year return period is 117 mm/h, when the 5-year return period is 135 mm/h, when the 10-year return period is 143 mm/h, when the 25-year return period is 152 mm/h, when the 50-year return periods 157 mm/h, and when 100-year return period is 162 mm/hour. For the estimated value of the peak discharge in Ciliwung Hulu watershed for 2-year return period amounted to 735,588 m 3 /sec, f...
Forest fire is a hydrometeorological disaster that routinely occurs in Indonesia every dry season and often hits areas with extensive peatland cover. The lack of scientific references explaining peatlands' physical parameters and their relationship to hotspots' occurrence also contributes to the government intervention's ineffectiveness in forest fires suppression because they are mainly executed in severe drought conditions. Strengthening mitigation, especially at the preparedness stage, is needed to detect forest fires earlier, prevent not from spreading widely, and not cause many environmental, social, and economic losses. This study aims to explain the gaps in forest fire disaster management in Indonesia, which have not maximized the results of observations from physical land and weather conditions as a basis for making decisions for more preventive forest fire mitigation. This study’s analysis is conducted using literature studies method from several reports, scientific articles, and regulations related to forest fires. This study’s analysis results explain how physical land monitoring and observation can provide a scientific basis that can be used as input in formulating policies, especially regarding the determination of disaster status on forest fire phenomena. Furthermore, this study explains how a paradigm shift in forest fire disaster management is needed in Indonesia through a more preventive approach to implement forest fire disaster mitigation can be more effective and efficient.
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