Aim This clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the postoperative sequelae following single-visit versus multiplevisit endodontic therapy at various interval of time in vital as well as nonvital teeth. Materials and methods Thirty-two cases were randomly assigned to the following four groups, group I, group II, group III and group IV. After gaining the access to the pulp chamber, establishing the working length, thorough cleaning and shaping was done for all the cases. Obturation was done by protaper (variable taper) gutta-percha and AH-PLUS sealer using lateral and vertical condensation technique. All the cases were recalled after 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks and 6 weeks following obturation and were evaluated for postoperative pain, tenderness and swelling. Results There was no statistically significant difference amongst all the four groups in the incidence and severity of postoperative pain, tenderness and swelling at the end of one week. However, within 48 hours groups I, II and IV showed more pain when compared to group III. And groups I, II and III showed more tenderness compared with groups IV. Postoperative swelling was not reported. Radiographic investigation at the end of 6 weeks showed significant change in the appearance of the periapical region in group II and group IV cases. Conclusion On strict adherence to biological principles and proper case selection, no significant difference in the success, postoperative pain and tenderness exist when treated with either single-visit or multiple-visit therapy. Clinical significance No significant difference in the success rate or postoperative pain, tenderness, and swelling exists when treated with either single-visit or multiple-visit endodontic therapy. Hence, one can readily integrate one-visit endodontic therapy into the routine clinical practice of dentistry. How to cite this article Prashanth MB, Tavane PN, Abraham S, Chacko L. Comparative Evaluation of Pain, Tenderness and Swelling followed by Radiographic Evaluation of Periapical Changes at Various Intervals of Time following Single and Multiple Visit Endodontic Therapy: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):187-191.

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Objective The objectives of this study were to measure the level of dental anxiety and its correlation with dental history, denture satisfaction and other variables. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 completely edentulous patients reporting to the Department of Prosthodontics, KLES's Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, over a period of 17 months (August 2005 to March 2007). The anxiety level of the patients was assessed with the help of a questionnaire, after obtaining an informed consent. Reliability of the dental anxiety scale was assessed by means of coefficient alpha. Results The results of this study concluded that dental anxiety scale for edentulous patients was a reliable scale for measuring dental anxiety. The anxiety score was higher for female than male patients. A significant correlation was found between denture satisfaction score and anxiety. Discussion Anxiety plays a major role in denture satisfaction. The variables included: Previous denture experience, occupation, medical history, age, gender, dental anxiety scale, period of edentulousness, age of previous dentures, number of complete dentures, denture satisfaction score, and the score on the Hamilton anxiety scale Conclusion The study indicated that gender correlates significantly with dental anxiety. Patients with medical history were found to be more anxious than normal patients. Patients with higher anxiety values were less satisfied with the treatment. Lastly, subjects with higher general anxiety showed greater values on the dental anxiety scale. Clinical significance The assessment of dental anxiety will help the prosthodontist in the management of anxious patients and secondly to provide evidence-based research into this psychological construct which has been shown to predict dental avoidance. How to cite this article Shrivastava R, Srivastava R, Shigli K, Prashanth MB, Kumaraswamy BN, Nethravathi TD. Assessment of Dental Anxiety and its Correlation with Denture Satisfaction in Edentulous Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):257-260.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with-Tubli-Seal EWT/Gutta-percha, AH Plus/Gutta-percha, Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany point. Study design: Sixty-five single rooted premolars were decoronated and root length was 14 mm for each specimen. Fifty five teeth were enlarged up to ISO size 40 master apical file with stainless steel K-files using standardized preparation and remaining ten teeth were served as negative control. Then teeth were randomly assigned into different groups depending on sealer used for obturation as follows: Group 1: Negative control-no instrumentation was performed. Group 2: Positive control-gutta-percha with out the use of any sealer. Group 3: Experimental group-gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal EWT root canal sealer. Group 4: Experimental group-gutta-percha and AH Plus. Group 5: Experimental group-epiphany SE sealer and epiphany points. After 72 hours, the specimens were embedded in autopolymerizing resin leaving 7 mm of each root exposed and were subjected to fracture testing under universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm per minute until the root fractured. Results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. Results: Showed that Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points showed highest mean fracture resistance and Tubli-Seal EWT group showed the least fracture resistance of all the materials tested. There was no statistically significant difference among experimental groups. Conclusion: Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points demonstrated highest fracture resistance values than the other materials tested and intact tooth had highest resistance against vertical root fracture. Clinical significance: Epiphany SE sealer/Epiphany points may be one of the materials of choice in the endodontic treatment of teeth.

Author Details: K. Abhisheka, Ecologist, trained artist and also an urban wildlife rehabilitator. She uses her experience in field ecology and the medium of art to reach out to people on conservation related issues. She is currently a freelancer. J. Patrick David, Ecologist, currently working as project co-ordinator with Care Earth Trust, Chennai. His responsibility is to survey for birds in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu and identify birding hotspots. M.B. Prashanth, interested in avian diversities in wetlands and is currently working on the mapping of wetlands and their habitat characteristics in relation to diversity and abundance of waterbirds. Has been involved in the co-ordination, surveying and compiling reports of the mid-winter waterbird census in the Tamiraparni river basin. Currently with ATREE. K.S. Seshadri, Ecologist, primarily interested in understanding how human actions alter the ecosystems. As a Graduate student, he is studying the ecology and behavior of red-listed amphibians in the Western Ghats. Currently pursuing PhD at Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore. T. Ganesh, Ecologist, for over three decades, he has worked and advised students on various ecological aspects primarily focussing on plant-animal interaction; bird and primate ecology; ecological restoration and long term monitoring of forests. He has also authored a bilingual multi taxa field guide. He is currently a senior fellow at ATREE. Abstract:The semi-arid districts of Tirunelveli and Tuticorin in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu consist of numerous wetlands in the form of irrigation tanks, interconnected by an ancient network of canals, and fed by the rivers originating from the Western Ghats. While these irrigation tanks have socio-economic and cultural significance, very little is known of their ecological importance. These tanks have the potential to harbor good populations of resident and wintering waterbirds but no studies have been done to confirm this. A survey was carried out in 230 irrigation tanks of various sizes in the two districts from November 2008 to January 2011. A total of 83 waterbird species were recorded. Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii occurred in most of the surveyed tanks. Large concentrations of wintering waterfowl such as Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope, Northern Pintail Anas acuta, Garganey Anas querquedula were recorded in tanks closer to the coast. Based on our survey, six sites with large waterbird concentrations have been identified, one of which is Vagaikulam, an active heronry currently under threat from tree felling. These sites along with associated wetlands are important for the long term conservation of waterbirds in the region.

We report a clinical case of maxillary right second molar with two palatal root canals. The morphology is atypical because it is characterized by two palatal roots with two canals with widely separated orifices and canals. Modifications to the normal access opening and examination of the pulpal floor for additional canals are stressed.

The Vallanadu Blackbuck Sanctuary (VBS), Tamil Nadu, India is a small protected area (PA) designated to conserve blackbuck. We did a study on habitat use and suitability in the PA that has come under various management interventions. The occupancy of blackbuck was positively correlated with areas lying within the PA, but the encounter rate of blackbuck was significantly higher in areas outside the PA. Being small in size, VBS may not hold a large population of blackbucks, but may help in saving the species which once widely occurred in the southernmost parts of India.

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