One of the problems in urban areas is the pollution of water sources. Unmanaged domestic waste in urban areas causes the waste to enter the main river system, causing river water pollution. One of the efforts that can be made to reduce the burden of water pollution is to use phytoremediation through constructed wetlands. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of water bamboo or Equisetum hyemale in pollutant removal. The rate of pollutant decay in constructed wetlands using water bamboo plants or Equisetum hyemale, modeled using 4th order Runge-Kutta. The study was conducted by taking water samples from constructed wetlands planted with Water Bamboo plants for a certain period. The parameters measured were DO, nitrate, phosphate, and ammonia. The concentrations of these parameters were analyzed using linear regression to determine the gradient of each equation (k). The gradient is a representation of the plant's ability to shed pollutants. The value of k is then used to calculate the change in concentration with time with the help of the Runge-Kutta numerical model of 4th order. Based on the regression results, the decay rate values for each parameter are 0.026/day for DO, 0.024/day for ammonia, 0.006 /day for phosphate, and 0.1214 /day for nitrate. This data is then entered into a numerical model which is solved by 4th order Runge-Kutta to obtain the change in concentration per unit time. When compared theoretically, pollutants in water bodies experience a decay pattern according to the theory. Based on the calculation of pollutant decay results in the field, it was found that the effectiveness of the constructed wetland in eliminating DO was 41.68%, ammonia was 60.49%, phosphate was 30.62%, and nitrate was 53.51%.
One of the problems involving water bodies is the pollution of water sources, which later becomes the parent of various social, economic, and health problems. One of these conditions can be overcome by utilizing phytoremediation through constructed wetlands. HYDRUS is a software that offers easy modelling of pollutant decay mechanisms in water bodies and constructed wetlands using finite element method. This study aims to show and analyse how HYDRUS software can model the mechanism in constructed wetland by using finite element method. The parameters observed are the time for the pollutant, namely ammonia, nitrate, and inorganic phosphorous, to reach the outlet, and the response curve of the pollutant loading on the model. From the simulation, it can be inferred that the maximum velocity of the water going through the constructed wetland is 8.11 m/day, or 811 cm/day. The dominating velocity in the wetland is around 160 cm/day, or 1.6 m/day. The response curve of the pollutant transport is also in accordance with theoretical response for impulse loading. The result yields the effectivity of simulated constructed wetland, which are 90.33% for ammonia and nitrate, and 90.26% for inorganic phosphorous. The result yields quite optimistic effectivity of the constructed wetland, which may be caused by the assumptions made in the model, which goes through simplification method. It can also be caused by the differences in plants assumption. In the HYDRUS simulation, the plant used is grass, which does not specify what kind of grass. Meanwhile, the physical simulation uses water bamboo.
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