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The current rapid increase in irrigation water consumption is considered unsustainable and threatens the world food production. Therefore, it is mandatory to promote modern techniques and to manage existing conventional irrigation methods. The present study was attempted to determine the effects of different irrigation frequencies and rice straw incorporation rates on yield and water productivity of the wheat crop. The experiment was arranged with randomize complete block design involving nine treatments (RS 0 I 7 , RS 0 I 15 , RS 0 I 22 , RS 1 I 7 , RS 1 I 15 , RS 1 I 22 , RS 2 I 7 , RS 2 I 15 and RS 2 I 22) under three replications. Results exposed that the incorporation of rice straw with different irrigation frequencies significantly improved physico-chemical properties of soil. Moreover, soil bulk density, infiltration rate, pH, electrical conductivity significantly decreased and soil porosity significantly increased under all treatments. Furthermore, maximum crop yield and crop water productivity of 7706.4 kg/hm 2 and 1.92 kg/m 3 respectively were found under RS 1 I 15 treatment. Based on experimental results it can be concluded that irrigation frequency and incorporation of rice straw had significant effects on the physico-chemical properties of soil, total grain yield and water productivity of the wheat crop. However, this study suggested that the wheat crop yield and water productivity could be increased by incorporating 1 t/hm 2 rice straw with 15 d of irrigation frequency.

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The most important soil parameters for compressed surfaces are aeration, bulk density, and permeability. The experiment was managed in a split-plot design with a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that cone-penetrometer was used to measure the soil compaction of furrow bottom under without-compaction/control (C1), compaction with three passes of tractor wheel (C2), and compaction with six passes of tractor wheel (C3) treatments for the years 2017-18 and 2018-19. In the case of clay loam (S1) soil compacted under treatment C3, the compaction was maximum with mean values of 1.23 MPa followed by treatment C2 with 1.09 MPa and C1 with compaction of 0.55 MPa during the 2017-18 Rabi crop season. While, for silty clay loam (S2) soil compacted under treatment C3, the compaction was maximum with mean values of 1.12 MPa followed by treatment C2 with 0.80 MPa and C1 with compaction of 0.42 MPa during the 2017-18 Rabi crop season. Similarly, during the year 2018-19, for different dry densities under soil compaction treatments C1, C2, and C3, the soil penetration resistance values were 1.10 MPa, 0.81 MPa, and 0.40 MPa, respectively. The reduction in soil EC1:5 was determined in the without-compaction/control (C1) plots under both cropping years. However, substantial change in the soil EC1:5 was observed in compact treatment three tractor wheel passes (C2) and six tractor wheel passes (C3) plots. Generally, a slight rise in soil EC1:5 was noticed in both C2 and C3 plots over C1 treatment plots for both cropping seasons. Furthermore, a slight change in the soil pH was observed in compact treatment, three tractor wheel passes (C2) and six tractor wheel passes (C3) plots during both the years. Mostly, a slight rise in soil pH was noticed in both C2 and C3 plots over C1 treatment plots. It is also noticeable from the data that compacting the soil with a tractor using three-wheel and six-wheel passes displayed no difference in pH in bed furrow treatment plots. Our findings concluded that the effect of soil compactions on soil EC and pH values were formed slightly increased during both years as compared to without-compaction treatment. Nevertheless, soil EC values were increased with increasing soil depths under C2 and C3 over C1 treatment, while maximum EC values were recorded under furrow plots among all soil depths and soil different soil textures. Even though the soil pH was not affected by soil compaction treatments under all soil depths and soil textures during both years.

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