Profit is the key objective of the business enterprise, and its forecast plays a major role both in the initial business planning stage and in its ongoing work, since it allows the manager to make timely management decisions and adjust the vector of his development. The authors proposed an analytical model for forecasting the production and financial results of the functioning of economic entities of the Saratov region as one of the integral elements of digital business modeling of the activities of the agricultural organization of the region. The article considers the concepts of a modern business model of a commercial enterprise, presents a digital business model of an agricultural organization from the point of view of managing its main constituent elements (processes), shows key approaches to its construction, reveals the structure of its production unit. The proposed predictive and analytical component of the digital business model of the agricultural organization allows to investigate the production and financial results of activities of economic entities of the Saratov region in dynamics over 10 years by applying one of the methods of graphical analysis of data (superimposition of the moving average polynomial line of the second degree), as well as to find the corresponding equation for detecting the state of indicators in the near term. In order to improve the reliability of the predictive and analytical part of the digital business model, a correlation-regression analysis method was used, as a result of which coefficients were identified, reflecting the degree of interaction between individual elements of costs for agricultural production, on the one hand, and factors affecting profits, on the other. The main element of the novelty of this work is the combination of methods of graphical and correlation-regression analysis of data, as a result of which the authors proposed a formula for determining a number of forecast values of factors affecting the profits of agricultural producers, taking into account the coefficients of their relationship with individual cost elements.
The institutional and organizational-economic directions of the effective using pastures for keeping private households livestock around the settlement territories, creating favorable environmental conditions for rural residents, preventing land degradation around rural settlements are considered. The current regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the development of households and the use of pasture areas for developing animal husbandry is analyzed. Based on the assessment of the legislative support for this category of farms in the countries of the Union of Independent States, the rationale for the need to adopt the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the activities of people’s private households” is provided. On the basis of a monographic study of rural areas around large rural settlements and private animals farms, the degree of seasonal use of pastures in rural areas in different natural and agricultural zones was determined, the regions with a lack of pastures and a high concentration of rural population, as well as the regions with a low load of livestock on pastures were identified. Households with a large number of livestock and output of marketable products, which do not have the status of individual entrepreneurs, were identified. An assessment is given of the state of reserve territories of reserve lands, forest resources and reserves for their possible involvement in agricultural turnover on the basis of long-term and short-term lease to replenish the feed stock of livestock kept in private households. Methods have been developed for determining the organizational and economic mechanisms for regulating livestock grazing in rural areas by observing the optimal load of livestock from private households and their seasonal use with the involvement of reserve lands in the agricultural turnover, transforming peasant farms into business structures.
Authors by the correlation and regression analysis conducted a research of influence of various elements of costs of productivity of separate species of crops. The highest interrelation between variable expenses and an indicator of productivity of crops, except for corn and sunflower was as a result established. Based on results we worked out the optimizing model directed to achievement economic growth of agricultural production on Russia by the set the pace. Within the developed model the most effective option of a ratio of the state subsidies and investments is presented on the basis of what rational restrictions and criteria of formation of optimum investment policy are designated. As one of additional sources of financing of branch it is offered to use the state support. Proceeding from it possible methods of application of the budgetary resources are considered: compensation of a part of expenses of economic entities; public financing of profitability of farmers; use of a subsidy in the form of investments into current assets. The most rational option of use of budgetary funds agricultural producers determined the third. As key criteria of economic growth of agrarian production the indicator of level of profitability (payback) which as a result of realization of the offered actions has to increase up to 42,2% and above is presented and reasonable. The received values of this indicator demonstrate the steady or accelerated development of branch of agriculture.
This paper discusses the implementation of digital technologies in the production sector and business processes of agricultural enterprises in Russia. Implementation of digitalization into the economic entities’ business activity is necessary in order not only to increase the speed of their functioning several times, but also to open up new, broader opportunities for their development in the future. Currently, in the Russian Federation, the main leaders in the development of digital technologies are, first of all, IT companies, as well as organizations operating in the field of media, finance and insurance. The level of digitalization in the real sector of the economy is significantly lower, while the agricultural sector is in last place for this indicator. This article reflects the prerequisites for the development of the digital economy in the world, which include the automation of production technologies and business processes, as well as penetration into the social sphere of the countries of the global Internet and mobile communications. The author considered a number of interpretations of the concept of “digital economy”, of which, in her opinion, the most rational version of the definition of the term under consideration was selected. Within the framework of the study, the prerequisites for the effective implementation of innovative technologies in the economic and social spheres of enterprises’ activities were determined, and the main factors and conditions for the developing digital system of a particular country were established. In the presented work, the author identified a number of modern key problems that significantly impede the introduction of digital technologies in the production and economic activities of economic entities of Russia, especially in the field of agriculture. At the same time, quite popular and widespread advanced technologies are indicated, which are currently being successfully implemented in promising agricultural organizations of the country. With regard to the branches of agriculture in Russia, namely crop and livestock breeding, the most expedient areas for the introduction of advanced digital technologies into the business processes of agricultural enterprises are presented.
The demand for organic food is a prerequisite for the formation and development of organic agriculture, and the task of promoting it on domestic and foreign markets is among the priority ones. A serious problem in the sale of this category of goods to the domestic food markets of the country is the distrust of potential consumers. It is possible to solve this problem through certification and the use of a well-known brand. Certification of manufacturers of environmentally friendly products is a rather complicated and expensive procedure, therefore it is not available for most agricultural producers in the Saratov region. However, basing on the fact that today the task of developing the organic agriculture industry is set at the level of the government of the country, it is possible to solve this problem with the support of the state. The article examines the enterprises of the Saratov region of various legal forms, which do not use fertilizers and chemical means of crop protection in the production of crop production. Using the example of agricultural organizations and farms in the region, a mechanism for subsidizing certification of the most promising producers of organic wheat (winter and spring) is proposed, which includes the allocation of targeted subsidies for its implementation. As a criterion for the selection of applicants for this type of state support, as well as the distribution of budgetary resources between them, it is proposed to use the average indicator (potential) of the annual volume of organic production in the work. As a result, direct participants in certification subsidies were selected from the compiled sample of the studied enterprises that do not use chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers and the total annual volume of their marketable wheat was determined. The author determined the maximum cost of quality confirmation procedures for one enterprise, taking into account the increasing coefficients per one day of inspection, and also established the largest amount of budgetary resources that may be spent on the implementation of the proposed measure. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed certification subsidy mechanism, the author developed formulas for determining the selling price of products in the promising organic segment, taking into account its increase by the level of premium premiums.
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