Priorities for the Effective Use of Pastures in Developing Animal Husbandry at the Private Households in Kazakhstan

Abstract

The institutional and organizational-economic directions of the effective using pastures for keeping private households livestock around the settlement territories, creating favorable environmental conditions for rural residents, preventing land degradation around rural settlements are considered. The current regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the development of households and the use of pasture areas for developing animal husbandry is analyzed. Based on the assessment of the legislative support for this category of farms in the countries of the Union of Independent States, the rationale for the need to adopt the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the activities of people’s private households” is provided. On the basis of a monographic study of rural areas around large rural settlements and private animals farms, the degree of seasonal use of pastures in rural areas in different natural and agricultural zones was determined, the regions with a lack of pastures and a high concentration of rural population, as well as the regions with a low load of livestock on pastures were identified. Households with a large number of livestock and output of marketable products, which do not have the status of individual entrepreneurs, were identified. An assessment is given of the state of reserve territories of reserve lands, forest resources and reserves for their possible involvement in agricultural turnover on the basis of long-term and short-term lease to replenish the feed stock of livestock kept in private households. Methods have been developed for determining the organizational and economic mechanisms for regulating livestock grazing in rural areas by observing the optimal load of livestock from private households and their seasonal use with the involvement of reserve lands in the agricultural turnover, transforming peasant farms into business structures.