Prevalence estimates of myopia and hyperopia in Colombia were found to be at an intermediate point compared with global data. In adults, myopia frequency was lower than in European and Asian studies. The prevalence of myopia increased during childhood and adolescence and was higher in middle-aged adults (35-39 years) than in older adults. On the other hand, hyperopia rates increased with age, findings that suggest a cohort effect. In the multivariate analysis, residence in urban areas and living in a medium-high socioeconomic status were linked to myopia.
Objective. To determine the association between physical activity and overweight/obesity in Mexican adults. Material and Methods. Cross-sectional design. Adults 20 to 69 years of age were included in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANUT 2006). The dependent variable was overweight/obesity and the independent variable was recalled physical activity. Analysis was by logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, residence area, region, socioeconomic status, indigenous ethnicity, smoking, schooling, work activity, alcohol consumption and sitting time. Results. Data from 15 901 adults were analyzed. The prevalence of overweight/obesity had an inverse association with physical activity among men but not among women. Conclusions. The practice of physical activity was negatively associated with the prevalence of overweight/obesity only in adult men. These results underscore the importance of promoting physical activity to prevent and control overweight/obesity.
The frequency of refractive errors that we found of 36.7% is moderate compared to the global data. The rates and parameters statistically differed by sex and age groups. Our findings are useful for establishing refractive error rate benchmarks in low-middle-income countries and as a baseline for following their variation by sociodemographic factors.
a b s t r a c tIntroduction: The purpose of the trial was to establish whether a training program could improve teamwork in the Operating Rooms and the Obstetric Suite at a healthcare institution.Method: Quasi-experimental before and after study -A multiphase and multi-method training program was implemented for improving teamwork, measured with the OTAS-S instrument in 40 surgical procedures, pre and post intervention. Training was given to 80% of the population. The descriptive analysis was abased on the data collected from each stage and the effectiveness was determined based on the comparison of the scores obtained.Results: Post-intervention measurements revealed differences in the scores obtained by the teamwork between the two stages (MW U-test; z = 48.879, P = .0000). This effectiveness was shown in the surgical and obstetrics area. Two or more points of improvement in the average OTAS-S scores was identified in every phase, behaviors and sub-teams.Conclusion: Intervention was effective for improving teamwork in the operating rooms and in the obstetrics suites in the short term. Further research is suggested including a control group and a more extended follow-up to establish long-term effectiveness.Conclusión: La intervención fue efectiva para mejorar el trabajo en equipo en las unidades de cirugía y obstetricia a corto plazo, se sugiere realizar investigación futura que incluya grupo de control y hacer seguimiento más prolongado en el tiempo para determinar efectividad a largo plazo.
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