Definition of refractive errors for research studies: Spherical equivalent could not be enough

Galvis, Virgilio; Tello, Alejandro; Camacho, Paul Anthony; Gómez, Luz María; Rey, Juan José; Serrano, Andres

doi:10.1016/j.optom.2020.10.003

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We also have to acknowledge that definitions of refractive errors are highly variable between studies, making comparisons difficult. Still, there is an increasing effort towards standardisation 31 , 32 , which remains an unmet need.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive errors in a large dataset of French children: the ANJO study

Guillon-Rolf

Grammatico‐Guillon

Leveziel

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Undetected refractive errors (REs) in children can lead to irreversible vision loss. This study aimed to show the proportions of REs in French children using cycloplegic refraction. Multicentre cross-sectional retrospective study including children with cycloplegic refraction and without associated ocular conditions from 2015 to 2018 in French eye clinics. The following data were collected: age, symptoms of eye strain, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction. The analysis included 48,163 children (mean age: 7.75 years, range: 2 to 12 years). The proportion of each RE was as follows: emmetropia (− 0.50 < Spherical Equivalent (SE) ≤ + 2.0; 58.3%), hyperopia (+ 2.0 $$<$$ < SE $$\le$$ ≤ +5; 17.2%), myopia (− 6 $$\le$$ ≤ SE $$\le$$ ≤ − 0.50; 15.5%), high myopia (SE < − 6; 0.5%), high hyperopia (SE > + 5; 3.6%), mixed astigmatism (4.9%). Anisometropia (SE difference ≥ 1.5) was found in 5.0%. Functional amblyopia in children attending primary school (aged over 6 years) was encountered in 2.7%. Symptoms of eye strain were frequent (70%) but not specific to any RE. REs are frequently found in French children and may remain undetected in the absence of symptoms of eye strain. Few studies have investigated REs in children using cycloplegic refraction, which has been shown to be the gold standard for RE assessment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive errors in a large dataset of French children: the ANJO study

Guillon-Rolf

Grammatico‐Guillon

Leveziel

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Visual impairments were defined to be equal to or below VA of 6/9. 5 in 10 studies, 30,34,35,37,39,40,42,43,48 seven studies 9,22,34,35,36,37,38 presented VA equal to or below 6/12 and two presented VA below 6/18. 25,35 Visual acuity was not recorded in seven studies (see Table 1).…”

Section: Visual Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…46 The WHO definition of VI as VA equal or below 6/12 was used by six studies. 9,22,34,35,36,37,38 The argument of VI being better than the WHO definition is probably to detect lower refractive errors. None of the articles discussed why the definition of VI was different from WHO recommendation.…”

Section: Visual Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Visual impairments amongst preschool and school attendees: A scoping review of vision school screening in Nigeria and Kenya

Langeggen

Ofochebe

2022

Afr. vis. eye health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasises the importance of quality education and good health. Vision problems affect the academic performance of schoolchildren in developing and under-resourced countries. The most prevalent vision problem amongst children is uncorrected refractive errors (URE). Aim: To gain knowledge about vision problems and visual impairments (VI) through school vision screening amongst children in Kenya and Nigeria. Method: A scoping review of online databases (Web of Science and PubMed) and one African registry (African Journals Online) for articles from January 2011 until April 2021 was conducted. The authors included 26 articles of the 439 screened. Results:The literature revealed inconsistencies in how VI was defined. The main cause of vision problems is URE. Furthermore, there is a lack of systematic school vision screening tools and programmes. Conclusion:Efficient eye care services to schoolchildren aged 3-18 years in Kenya and Nigeria must involve multiple disciplinary interventions and governmental responsibility. Collaboration models between public and private health sectors, nongovernmental organisations and families are necessary to prevent VI amongst children. Better vision enhances school performance.

show abstract

“…To determine the refractive state, the spherical-equivalent formula (SE = SE = sphere + cylinder/2) was used. A patient was considered myopic when the SE was more negative than or equal to −0.50D, hyperopic when it was more positive or equal to +0.50D, and emmetropic when it was between −0.25D and +0.25D [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Dry Eyes Symptoms in Association with Contact Lenses and Refractive Status in Portugal

Sánchez-Tena

Martínez-Pérez²,

Álvarez-Peregrina³

2022

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Determine whether the presence of ocular symptoms in soft-contact-lens wearers changes depending on the refractive status. Methods: During the months of January to March 2022, the CLDEQ-8 questionnaire was administered to soft-contact-lens wearers. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS 27.0 computer program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 251 subjects participated in the study, with a higher percentage of myopes than hyperopes (82.1% versus 16.7%; p < 0.001). Out of all total participants, 21.5% suffered from dry-eye symptoms. It was noted that hyperopes presented a higher rate of dry-eye symptoms (p = 0.041). At the same time, the spherical equivalent was more positive in the participants with dry-eye symptoms (p = 0.014). Significant differences were found based on the symptoms present with contact lenses and the degree of myopia. The intensity of visual disturbances was higher in the participants with medium myopia (median [IQR]: 1/5 [2]) compared to those with low (median [IQR]: 0/5 [2]) and high myopia (median [IQR]: 0/5 [1]) (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Contact-lens wearers with hyperopia showed a higher rate of ocular dryness than those with myopia. In turn, wearing daily-replacement lenses could be one of the reasons for the lesser presence of ocular dryness compared to monthly-replacement lenses.

show abstract

Definition of refractive errors for research studies: Spherical equivalent could not be enough

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Refractive errors in a large dataset of French children: the ANJO study

Refractive errors in a large dataset of French children: the ANJO study

Visual impairments amongst preschool and school attendees: A scoping review of vision school screening in Nigeria and Kenya

Prevalence of Dry Eyes Symptoms in Association with Contact Lenses and Refractive Status in Portugal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About