The Spanish NGO "Alianza por la Solidaridad" has installed improved cookstoves in 3000 households during 2012 and 2013 to improve energy efficiency reducing fuelwood consumption and to improve indoor air quality. The type of cookstoves were Noflaye Jeeg and Noflaye Jaboot and were installed in the Cassamance Natural Subregion covering part of Senegal, The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau. The Technical University of Madrid (UPM) has conducted a field study on a sample of these households to assess the effect of improved cookstoves on kitchen air quality. Measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particle matter (PM 2.5) were taken for 24-hr period before and after the installation of improved cookstoves. The 24-hr mean CO concentrations were lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for Guinea-Bissau but higher for Senegal and Gambia, even after the installation of improved cookstoves. As for PM 2.5 concentrations, 24-hr mean were always higher than these guidelines. However, improved cookstoves produced significant reductions on 24-hr mean CO and PM 2.5 concentrations in Senegal and for mean and maximum PM 2.5 concentration on Gambia. Although this variability needs to be explained by further research to determine which other factors could affect indoor air pollution, the study provided a better understanding of the problem and envisaged alternatives to be implemented in future phases of the NGO project.
Purpose-The clean development mechanism (CDM) project is a cost-effective instrument to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to transfer technology and capital from industrialized to developing countries. HRM practices are important sustainable development co-benefits of CDM projects and Brazil is the third largest CDM project developer in the world. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the HRM practices declared by Brazilian CDM projects and how these practices have been, in fact, implemented by the proponents of these projects. Design/methodology/approach-A mixed methodology was developed, based especially on qualitative and quantitative methods, in the Brazilian context. Findings-The authors found that CDM activities are improving recruitment, human resource participation and training practices in Brazilian companies, influencing the integration of environmental management into HRM practicesgreen HRM. In addition, the study presents hints of interesting avenues to explore in further studies. For example, why is it that some organizations are able to change the routines associated with organizational learning and/or culture while others are not. Originality/value-The overall results suggested that there is further potential within GHG emissions reduction projects to improve green HRM.
Este estudo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo identificar e analisar os cobenefícios em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável de projetos do mercado voluntário de carbono no Brasil para além da redução de gases de efeito estufa. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas exploratórias, análise documental e estudos de casos ilustrativos, tendo como base a matriz analítica construída a partir de estudos da United Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Change (UNFCCC) sobre cobenefícios oriundos do mercado regulado de carbono. Os resultados revelaram que dois dos quatro projetos analisados apresentaram maiores avanços na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, o que difere dos achados da UNFCCC (2011) e de Boyd et al (2009). O resultado parcial sinaliza maior potencial do mercado voluntário em comparação ao mercado regulado de carbono para contribuição ao desenvolvimento sustentável em âmbito local, dada sua maior flexibilidade e a diversidade de atores, assim como a exigência, por parte de alguns padrões de certificação, da demonstração do alcance dos cobenefícios declarados. Ademais, notou-se que alguns cobenefícios estimulam a ocorrência de outros nas localidades onde se desenvolvem e que os projetos com melhores contribuições estavam registrados em padrões de certificação que exigem o atendimento a indicadores que vão além da redução de emissão de gases de efeito estufa.
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